Aminoethylaromatic compounds suitable for treating disorders that respond to modulation of the dopamine d3 receptor

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to aromatic compounds of the formula (I) and the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts thereof. The invention also relates to the use of a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a medical disorder susceptible to treatment with a dopamine D 3  receptor ligand.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to novel aminoethylaromatic compounds. The compounds possess valuable therapeutic properties and are suitable, in particular, for treating diseases that respond to modulation of the dopamine D₃ receptor.

Neurons obtain their information by way of G protein-coupled receptors, inter alia. A large number of substances exert their effect by way of these receptors. One of them is dopamine. Confirmed findings exist with regard to the presence of dopamine and its physiological function as a neurotransmitter. Disorders in the dopaminergic transmitter system result in diseases of the central nervous system which include, for example, schizophrenia, depression and Parkinson's disease. These diseases, and others, are treated with drugs which interact with the dopamine receptors.

Up until 1990, two subtypes of dopamine receptor had been clearly defined pharmacologically, namely the D₁ and D₂ receptors. More recently, a third subtype was found, namely the D₃ receptor which appears to mediate some effects of anti psychotics and antiparkinsonians (J. C. Schwartz et al., The Dopamine D₃ Receptor as a Target for Antipsychotics, in Novel Antipsychotic Drugs, H. Y. Meltzer, Ed. Raven Press, New York 1992, pages 135-144; M. Dooley et al., Drugs and Aging 1998, 12, 495-514, J. N. Joyce, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2001, 90, pp. 231-59 “The Dopamine D₃ Receptor as a Therapeutic Target for Antipsychotic and Antiparkinsonian Drugs”).

Since then, the dopamine receptors have been divided into two families. On the one hand, there is the D₂ group, consisting of D₂ D₃ and D₄ receptors, and, on the other hand, the D₁ group, consisting of D₁ and D₅ receptors. Whereas D₁ and D₂ receptors are widely distributed, D₃ receptors appear to be expressed regioselectively. Thus, these receptors are preferentially to be found in the limbic system and the projection regions of the mesolimbic dopamine system, especially in the nucleus accumbens, but also in other regions, such as the amygdala. Because of this comparatively regioselective expression, D₃ receptors are regarded as being a target having few side-effects and it is assumed that while a selective D₃ ligand would have the properties of known anti psychotics, it would not have their dopamine D₂ receptor-mediated neurological side-effects (P. Sokoloff et al., Localization and Function of the D₃ Dopamine Receptor, Arzneim. Forsch./Drug Res. 42(1), 224 (1992), P. Sokoloff et al. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Dopamine Receptor (D₃) as a Target for Neuroleptics, Nature, 347, 146 (1990)).

WO 99/58499 discloses phenylsulfonamide substituted phenethylamines having an affinity for the dopamine D₃ receptor. The phenyl ring of the phenylsulfonamide moiety preferably carries a radical selected from C₁-C₃-alkyl, halogen, OCH₃, OCF₃, CF₃, CN, SCH₃ or NHCOCH₃. These compounds are selective for the Dopamine D₃ receptor and possess only modest affinities for the dopamine D₂ receptor. They have therefore been proposed as being suitable for treating diseases of the central nervous system. Unfortunately their affinity for the D₃ receptor or their pharmacological profile are not satisfactory. Consequently there is an ongoing need to provide new compounds, which either have an high affinity and an improved selectivity. The compounds should also have good pharmacological profile, e.g. a high brain plasma ratio, a high bioavailability, metabolic stability or a decreased inhibition of the mitochondrial respiration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is based on the object of providing compounds which act as highly selective dopamine D₃ receptor ligands. This object is surprisingly achieved by means of aminoethylaromatic compounds of the formula I

wherein

-   Ar is phenyl or an aromatic 5- or 6-membered C-bound heteroaromatic     radical, wherein Ar may carry 1 radical R^(a) and wherein Ar may     also carry 1 or 2 radicals R^(b); -   R^(a) being selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆-alkyl,     C₂-C₆-alkenyl, fluorinated C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,     C₁-C₆-alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,     fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl,     C₁-C₆-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkoxy,     C₁-C₆-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkoxy, COOH, NR⁴R⁵, CH₂NR⁴R⁵, ONR⁴R⁵,     NHC(O)NR⁴R⁵, C(O)NR⁴R⁵, SO₂NR⁴R⁵, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, fluorinated     C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, fluorinated     C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, fluorinated     C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylthio,     fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl,     C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, fluorinated     C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, phenyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy and     a 3- to 7-membered heterocyclic radical, wherein the five last     mentioned radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals selected from     halogen, cyano, OH, oxo, CN, and the radicals R^(a), -   R^(b) being, independently from each other, selected from halogen,     cyano, nitro, OH, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,     trifluoromethyl, fluormethoxy, difluoromethoxy and trifluoromethoxy,     -   the radical R^(a) and one radical R^(b), if present and bound to         two adjacent carbon atoms of phenyl, may form a 5- or 6-membered         heterocyclic or carbocylic ring which is fused to the phenyl         ring and which is unsubstituted or which may carry 1, 2 or 3         radicals selected from halogen. NO₂, NH₂, OH, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl,         C₃-C₆— cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy. fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkyl,         fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkoxy,         C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkyl,         C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkoxy, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkoxy,         C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, di-C₁-C₆-alkylamino.         C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl,         fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino,         fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy,         fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl,         C₁-C₆-alkylthio, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylthio,         C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, fluorinated         C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl and fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, -   X is N or CH; -   E is CR⁶R⁷ or NR³; -   R¹ is C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₄-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₄-cycloalkylmethyl,     C₃-C₄-alkenyl, fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl, fluorinated     C₃-C₄-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-cycloalkylmethyl, fluorinated     C₃-C₄-alkenyl, formyl or C₁-C₃-alkylcarbonyl; -   R^(1a) is H, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₄-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₄-cycloalkylmethyl,     C₃-C₄-alkenyl, fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl, fluorinated     C₃-C₄-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-cycloalkylmethyl, fluorinated     C₃-C₄-alkenyl, or R^(1a) and R² together are (CH₂)_(n) with n being     2, 3 or 4, or R^(1a) and R^(2a) together are (CH₂)_(n) with n being     2, 3 or 4; -   R² and R^(2a) are independently of each other H, C₁-C₄-alkyl or     fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl or R^(2a) and R² together are (CH₂)_(m) with     m being 2, 3, 4 or 5; -   R³ is H or C₁-C₄-alkyl; -   R⁴, R⁵ independently of each other are selected from H, C₁-C₃-alkyl,     C₁-C₃-alkoxy and fluorinated C₁-C₃-alkyl; -   R⁶, R⁷ independently of each other are selected from H, fluorine,     C₁-C₄-alkyl and fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl or together form a moiety     (CH₂)_(p) with p being 2, 3, 4 or 5;     provided that for R¹ being C₁-C₄-alkyl, R²═R^(2a) being H, E being     NH, X being CH and Ar=substituted phenyl Ar carries at least one     substituent R^(a) which is different from linear C₁-C₃-alkyl, OCH₃,     OCF₃, CF₃, SCH₃ or NHC(O)CH₃, and which is preferably selected from     secondary C₃-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₂-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated     C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₂-C₆-alkoxy. CHF₂, CF₂, OCHF₂, OCF₂,     NR⁴R⁵, 1-aziridinyl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or     piperidin-1-yl, wherein the last for mentioned radicals may be     fluorinated or may carry 1 or 2 radicals selected from OH, oxo,     C₁-C₂-alkyl, fluorinated C₁-C₂-alkyl or C₁-C₂-alkoxy, a phenyl group     and an aromatic 5- or 6-membered C-bound heteroaromatic radical,     comprising 1 nitrogen atom as ring member and 0, 1, 2 or 3 further     heteroatoms, independently of each other, selected from O, S and N,     wherein the last two mentioned radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4     radicals selected from halogen. NO₂, OH, CN, and the radicals R^(a)     such as NH₂, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy,     fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated     C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkyl,     C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkoxy, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl,     C₁-C₆-alkylamino, di-C₁-C₆-alkylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl,     di-C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl,     C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino,     C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy,     C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylthio,     C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, fluorinated     C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl and fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl;     and the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts of these     compounds.

The present invention therefore relates to aminoethylaromatic compounds of the general formula I and to their physiologically tolerated acid addition salts.

The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition which comprises at least one aminoethylaromatic compound of the formula I and/or at least one physiologically tolerated acid addition salt of I, where appropriate together with physiologically acceptable carriers and/or auxiliary substances.

The present invention also relates to a method for treating disorders which respond to influencing by dopamine D₃ receptor antagonists or dopamine D₃ agonists, said method comprising administering an effective amount of at least one aminoethylaromatic compound of the formula I and/or at least one physiologically tolerated acid addition salt of I to a subject in need thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The diseases which respond to the influence of dopamine D₃ receptor antagonists or agonists include, in particular, disorders and diseases of the central nervous system, in particular affective disturbances, neurotic disturbances, stress disturbances and somatoform disturbances and psychoses, especially schizophrenia and depression and, in addition, disturbances of kidney function, in particular kidney function disturbances which are caused by diabetes mellitus (see WO 00/67847).

According to the invention, at least one compound of the general formula I having the meanings mentioned at the outset is used for treating the above mentioned indications. Provided the compounds of the formula I of a given constitution may exist in different spatial arrangements, for example if they possess one or more centers of asymmetry, polysubstituted rings or double bonds, or as different tautomers, it is also possible to use enantiomeric mixtures, in particular racemates, diastereomeric mixtures and tautomeric mixtures, preferably, however, the respective essentially pure enantiomers, diastereomers and tautomers of the compounds of formula I and/or of their salts.

It is likewise possible to use physiologically tolerated salts of the compounds of the formula I, especially acid addition salts with physiologically tolerated acids. Examples of suitable physiologically tolerated organic and inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, C₁-C₄-alkylsulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acids, such as benzenesulfonic acid and toluenesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid and benzoic acid. Other utilizable acids are described in Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung [Advances in drug research], Volume 10, pages 224 ff., Birkhauser Verlag, Basel and Stuttgart, 1966.

The organic moieties mentioned in the above definitions of the variables are—like the term halogen—collective terms for individual listings of the individual group members. The prefix C_(n)-C_(m) indicates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group.

The term halogen denotes in each case fluorine, bromine, chlorine or iodine, in particular fluorine or chlorine.

C₁-C₄ Alkyl (and likewise in C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₄ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁-C₄-alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁-C₄-alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl etc.) is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of an alkyl group are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl or tert-butyl.

C₁-C₆ Alkyl (and likewise in C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁-C₆ alkylthio, C₁-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆ alkylsulfonyl etc.) is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples include C₁-C₄ alkyl as mentioned above and also pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl;

Fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkyl (and likewise in fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonylamino, fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonyloxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylthio, fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylsulfinyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylsulfonyl etc.) is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6, in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a fluorine atoms such as in fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, (R)-1-fluoroethyl, (S)-1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, (R)-1-fluoropropyl, (S)-1-fluoropropyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 1,1-difluoropropyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 3,3-difluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, (R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl, (R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (R)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl, 2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethyl, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluoroethyl, (R)-1-fluorobutyl, (S)-1-fluorobutyl, 2-fluorobutyl, 3-fluorobutyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 1,1-difluorobutyl, 2,2-difluorobutyl, 3,3-difluorobutyl, 4,4-difluorobutyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, etc.;

Branched C₃-C₆ alkyl is alkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms at least one being a secondary or tertiary carbon atom. Examples are isopropyl, tert.-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, 2-pentyl, 2-hexyl, 3-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl-methyl-1-ethylpropyl.

C₁-C₆ Alkoxy (and likewise in C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy-C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy-C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkoxy) is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6, in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which is bound to the remainder of the molecule via an oxygen atom. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, 2-butoxy, iso-butoxy, tert.-butoxy pentyloxy, 1-methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-methylpentyloxy, 2-methylpentyloxy, 3-methylpentyloxy, 4-methylpentyloxy, 1,1-dimethylbutyloxy, 1,2-dimethylbutyloxy, 1,3-dimethylbutyloxy, 2,2-dimethylbutyloxy, 2,3-dimethylbutyloxy, 3,3-dimethylbutyloxy, 1-ethylbutyloxy, 2-ethylbutyloxy, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropoxy and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxy;

Fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkyoxy (and likewise in fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl) is a straight-chain or branched alkoxy group having from 1 to 6, in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a fluorine atoms such as in fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, (R)-1-fluoroethoxy, (S)-1-fluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 1,1-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, (R)-1-fluoropropoxy, (S)-1-fluoropropoxy, 2-fluoropropoxy, 3-fluoropropoxy, 1,1-difluoropropoxy, 2,2-difluoropropoxy, 3,3-difluoropropoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, (R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethoxy, (S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethoxy, (R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethoxy, (S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethoxy, (R)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethoxy, (S)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethoxy, (R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy, (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethoxy, 2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethoxy, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluoroethoxy, (R)-1-fluorobutoxy, (S)-1-fluorobutoxy, 2-fluorobutoxy, 3-fluorobutoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 1,1-difluorobutoxy, 2,2-difluorobutoxy, 3,3-difluorobutoxy, 4,4-difluorobutoxy, 4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy, etc.;

C₃-C₆ Cycloalkyl is a cycloaliphatic radical having from 3 to 6 C atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl. The cycloalkyl radical may be unsubstituted or may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, preferably a methyl radical. One alkyl radical is preferably located in the 1-position of the cycloalkyl radical, such as in 1-methylcyclopropyl or 1-methylcyclobutyl.

Fluorinated C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl is a cycloaliphatic radical having from 3 to 6 C atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a fluorine atoms such as in 1-fluorocyclopropyl, 2-fluorocyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 1,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 2,3-difluorocyclopropyl, pentafluorocyclopropyl, 1-fluorocyclobutyl, 2-fluorocyclobutyl, 3-fluorocyclobutyl, 2,2-difluorocyclobutyl, 3,3-difluorocyclobutyl, 1,2-difluorocyclobutyl, 1,3-difluorocyclobutyl, 2,3-difluorocyclobutyl, 2,4-difluorocyclobutyl, or 1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutyl.

C₃-C₆ Cycloalkylmethyl is methyl which carries a cycloaliphatic radical having from 3 to 6 C atoms as mentioned above

Fluorinated C₃-C₆ cycloalkylmethyl is methyl which carries a cycloaliphatic radical having from 3 to 6 C atoms, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a fluorine atoms.

C₂-C₆-Alkenyl is a singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C-atoms, e.g. vinyl, allyl(2-propen-1-yl), 1-propen-1-yl, 2-propen-2-yl, methallyl(2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl) and the like. C₃-C₄-Alkenyl is, in particular, allyl, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl, 2-buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, methallyl, 2-penten-1-yl, 3-penten-1-yl, 4-penten-1-yl, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-yl or 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-yl.

Fluorinated C₂-C₆-alkenyl is a singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C-atoms, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are re-placed by a fluorine atoms such as in 1-fluorovinyl, 2-fluorovinyl, 2,2-fluorovinyl, 3,3,3-fluoropropenyl, 1,1-difluoro-2-propenyl 1-fluoro-2-propenyl and the like.

C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by hydroxy. Examples comprise hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 1-methyl-1-hydroxyethyl and the like.

C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms as defined above, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by hydroxy. Examples comprise 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 1-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl and the like.

C₁-C₆ alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined above, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by C₁-C₆ alkoxy. Examples comprise methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 1-methoxyethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 1-methyl-1-methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, 1-methyl-1-ethoxyethyl and the like.

C₁-C₆ alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined above, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by C₁-C₆ alkoxy. Examples comprise methoxymethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 1-methoxyethoxy, 3-methoxypropoxy, 2-methoxypropoxy, 1-methyl-1-methoxyethoxy, ethoxymethoxy, 2-ethoxyethoxy, 1-ethoxyethoxy, 3-ethoxypropoxy, 2-ethoxypropoxy, 1-methyl-1-ethoxyethoxy and the like.

C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise acetyl, propionyl, n-butylryl, 2-methylpropionyl, pivalyl and the like.

C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonylamino is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—NH—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise acetamido, propionamido, n-butyramido, 2-methylpropionamido, 2,2-dimethylpropionamido and the like.

C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonyloxy is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—O—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise acetyloxy, propionyloxy, n-butyryloxy, 2-methylpropionyloxy, 2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy and the like.

C₁-C₆ alkylthio is a radical of the formula R—S—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio, 1-methylbutylthio, 2-methylbutylthio, 3-methylbutylthio, 2,2-dimethylpropylthio, 1-ethylpropylthio, hexylthio, 1,1-dimethylpropylthio, 1,2-dimethylpropylthio, 1-methylpentylthio, 2-methylpentylthio, 3-methylpentylthio, 4-methylpentylthio, 1,1-dimethylbutylthio, 1,2-dimethylbutylthio, 1,3-dimethylbutylthio, 2,2-dimethylbutylthio, 2,3-dimethylbutylthio, 3,3-dimethylbutylthio, 1-ethylbutylthio, 2-ethylbutylthio, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylthio, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylthio, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl;

C₁-C₆ alkylsulfinyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O)—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl, butylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl, 1-methylbutylsulfinyl, 2-methylbutylsulfinyl, 3-methylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-ethylpropylsulfinyl, hexylsulfinyl, 1,1-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-methylpentylsulfinyl, 2-methylpentylsulfinyl, 3-methylpentylsulfinyl, 4-methylpentylsulfinyl, 1,1-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,2-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 2,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 3,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1-ethylbutylsulfinyl, 2-ethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl;

C₁-C₆ alkylsulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O)₂—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl, 1-methylbutylsulfonyl, 2-methylbutylsulfonyl, 3-methylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-ethylpropylsulfonyl, hexylsulfonyl, 1,1-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-methylpentylsulfonyl, 2-methylpentylsulfonyl, 3-methylpentylsulfonyl, 4-methylpentylsulfonyl, 1,1-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,2-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 2,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 3,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1-ethylbutylsulfonyl, 2-ethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl;

fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—, wherein R is a fluorinated alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise fluoroacetyl, difluoroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, (R)-1-fluoroethylcarbonyl, (S)-1-fluoroethylcarbonyl, 2-fluoroethylcarbonyl, 1,1-difluoroethylcarbonyl, 2,2-difluoroethylcarbonyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylcarbonyl, (R)-1-fluoropropylcarbonyl, (S)-1-fluoropropylcarbonyl, 2-fluoropropylcarbonyl, 3-fluoropropylcarbonyl, 1,1-difluoropropylcarbonyl, 2,2-difluoropropylcarbonyl, 3,3-difluoropropylcarbonyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylcarbonyl, (R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyl, (S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyl, (R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyl, (S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyl, (R)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyl, (S)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyl, (R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyl, (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyl, 2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethylcarbonyl, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluoroethylcarbonyl, (R)-1-fluorobutylcarbonyl, (S)-1-fluorobutylcarbonyl, 2-fluorobutylcarbonyl, 3-fluorobutylcarbonyl, 4-fluorobutylcarbonyl, 1,1-difluorobutylcarbonyl, 2,2-difluorobutylcarbonyl, 3,3-difluorobutylcarbonyl, 4,4-difluorobutylcarbonyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutylcarbonyl, etc.;

fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonylamino is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—NH—, wherein R is a fluorinated alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise fluoroacetamido, difluoroacetamido, trifluoroacetamido, (R)-1-fluoroethylcarbonylamino, (S)-1-fluoroethylcarbonylamino, 2-fluoroethylcarbonylamino, 1,1-difluoroethylcarbonylamino, 2,2-difluoroethylcarbonylamino, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylcarbonylamino, (R)-1-fluoropropylcarbonylamino, (S)-1-fluoropropylcarbonylamino, 2-fluoropropylcarbonylamino, 3-fluoropropylcarbonylamino, 1,1-difluoropropylcarbonylamino, 2,2-difluoropropylcarbonylamino, 3,3-difluoropropylcarbonylamino, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylcarbonylamino, (R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylcarbonylamino, (S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylcarbonylamino, (R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonylamino, (S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonylamino, (R)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonylamino, (S)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonylamino, (R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylcarbonylamino, (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylcarbonylamino, 2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethylcarbonylamino, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluoroethylcarbonylamino, (R)-1-fluorobutylcarbonylamino, (S)-1-fluorobutylcarbonylamino, 2-fluorobutylcarbonylamino, 3-fluorobutylcarbonylamino, 4-fluorobutylcarbonylamino, 1,1-difluorobutylcarbonylamino, 2,2-difluorobutylcarbonylamino, 3,3-difluorobutylcarbonylamino, 4,4-difluorobutylcarbonylamino, 4,4,4-trifluorobutylcarbonylamino, etc.,

fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonyloxy is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—O—, wherein R is a fluorinated alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above fluoroacetyl, difluoroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, (R)-1-fluoroethylcarbonyloxy, (S)-1-fluoroethylcarbonyloxy, 2-fluoroethylcarbonyloxy, 1,1-difluoroethylcarbonyloxy, 2,2-difluoroethylcarbonyloxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylcarbonyloxy, (R)-1-fluoropropylcarbonyloxy, (S)-1-fluoropropylcarbonyloxy, 2-fluoropropylcarbonyloxy, 3-fluoropropylcarbonyloxy, 1,1-difluoropropylcarbonyloxy, 2,2-difluoropropylcarbonyloxy, 3,3-difluoropropylcarbonyloxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylcarbonyloxy, (R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyloxy, (S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyloxy, (R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyloxy, (S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyloxy, (R)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyloxy, (S)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyloxy, (R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyloxy, (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylcarbonyloxy, 2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethylcarbonyloxy, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluoroethylcarbonyloxy, (R)-1-fluorobutylcarbonyloxy, (S)-1-fluorobutylcarbonyloxy, 2-fluorobutylcarbonyloxy, 3-fluorobutylcarbonyloxy, 4-fluorobutylcarbonyloxy, 1,1-difluorobutylcarbonyloxy, 2,2-difluorobutylcarbonyloxy, 3,3-difluorobutylcarbonyloxy, 4,4-difluorobutylcarbonyloxy, 4,4,4-trifluorobutylcarbonyloxy, etc.;

fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylthio is a radical of the formula R—S—, wherein R is a fluorinated alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise fluoromethylthio, difluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, (R)-1-fluoroethylthio, (S)-1-fluoroethylthlo, 2-fluoroethylthio, 1,1-difluoroethylthio, 2,2-difluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, (R)-1-fluoropropylthio, (S)-1-fluoropropylthio, 2-fluoropropylthio, 3-fluoropropylthio, 1,1-difluoropropylthio, 2,2-difluoropropylthio, 3,3-difluoropropylthio, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylthio, (R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylthio, (S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylthio, (R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylthio, (S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylthio, (R)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylthio, (S)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylthio, (R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylthio, (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylthio, 2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethylthio, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluoroethylthio, (R)-1-fluorobutylthio, (S)-1-fluorobutylthio, 2-fluorobutylthio, 3-fluorobutylthio, 4-fluorobutylthio, 1,1-difluorobutylthio, 2,2-difluorobutylthio, 3,3-difluorobutylthio, 4,4-difluorobutylthio, 4,4,4-trifluorobutylthio, etc.;

fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylsulfinyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O)—, wherein R is a fluorinated alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise fluoromethylsulfinyl, difluoromethylsulfinyl, trifluoromethylsulfinyl, (R)-1-fluoroethylsulfinyl, (S)-1-fluoroethylsulfinyl, 2-fluoroethylsulfinyl, 1,1-difluoroethylsulfinyl, 2,2-difluoroethylsulfinyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfinyl, (R)-1-fluoropropylsulfinyl, (S)-1-fluoropropylsulfinyl, 2-fluoropropylsulfinyl, 3-fluoropropylsulfinyl, 1,1-difluoropropylsulfinyl, 2,2-difluoropropylsulfinyl, 3,3-difluoropropylsulfinyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylsulfinyl, (R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylsulfinyl, (S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylsulfinyl, (R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylsulfinyl, (S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylsulfinyl, (R)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylsulfinyl, (S)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylsulfinyl, (R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylsulfinyl, (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylsulfinyl, 2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethylsulfinyl, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluoroethylsulfinyl, (R)-1-fluorobutylsulfinyl, (S)-1-fluorobutylsulfinyl, 2-fluorobutylsulfinyl, 3-fluorobutylsulfinyl, 4-fluorobutylsulfinyl, 1,1-difluorobutylsulfinyl, 2,2-difluorobutylsulfinyl, 3,3-difluorobutylsulfinyl, 4,4-difluorobutylsulfinyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutylsulfinyl, etc.;

fluorinated C₁-C₆ alkylsulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O)₂—, wherein R is a fluorinated alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples comprise fluoromethylsulfonyl, difluoromethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, (R)-1-fluoroethylsulfonyl, (S)-1-fluoroethylsulfonyl, 2-fluoroethylsulfonyl, 1,1-difluoroethylsulfonyl, 2,2-difluoroethylsulfonyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl, (R)-1-fluoropropylsulfonyl, (S)-1-fluoropropylsulfonyl, 2-fluoropropylsulfonyl, 3-fluoropropylsulfonyl, 1,1-difluoropropylsulfonyl, 2,2-difluoropropylsulfonyl, 3,3-difluoropropylsulfonyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylsulfonyl, (R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylsulfonyl, (S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethylsulfonyl, (R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylsulfonyl, (S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethylsulfonyl, (R)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylsulfonyl, (S)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylsulfonyl, (R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylsulfonyl, (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethylsulfonyl, 2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethylsulfonyl, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluoroethylsulfonyl, (R)-1-fluorobutylsulfonyl, (S)-1-fluorobutylsulfonyl, 2-fluorobutylsulfonyl, 3-fluorobutylsulfonyl, 4-fluorobutylsulfonyl, 1,1-difluorobutylsulfonyl, 2,2-difluorobutylsulfonyl, 3,3-difluorobutylsulfonyl, 4,4-difluorobutylsulfonyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutylsulfonyl, etc.

3- to 7-membered heterocyclic radicals comprise saturated heterocyclic radicals, which generally have 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7 ring forming atoms (ring members), unsaturated non-aromatic heterocyclic radicals, which generally have 5-, 6- or 7 ring forming atoms, and heteroaromatic radicals, which generally have 5-, 6- or 7 ring forming atoms. The heterocylcic radicals may be bound via a carbon atom (C-bound) or an nitrogen atom (N-bound). Preferred heterocyclic radicals comprise 1 nitrogen atom as ring member atom and optionally 1, 2 or 3 further heteroatoms as ring members, which are selected, independently of each other from O, S and N. Likewise preferred heterocyclic radicals comprise 1 heteroatom as ring member, which is selected from O, S and N, and optionally 1, 2 or 3 further nitrogen atoms as ring members.

Examples of 3- to 7-membered, saturated heterocyclic radicals comprise 1- or 2-aziridinyl, 1-, 2- or 3-azetidinyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-piperidinyl, 1-, 2- or 3-morpholinyl, 1-, 2- or 3-thiomorpholinyl, 1-, 2- or 3-piperazinyl, 1-, 2- or 4-oxazolidinyl, 1-, 3- or 4-isoxazolidinyl, 2-oxiranyl, 2- or 3-oxetanyl, 2- or 3-oxolanyl, 2-, 3- or 4-oxanyl, 1,3-dioxolan-2- or 4-yl and the like, which may be unsubstituted or which may carry 1, 2 or 3 of the aforementioned radicals R^(a) and/or R^(b).

Unsaturated non-aromatic heterocyclic radicals, are heterocyclic radicals which generally have 5-, 6- or 7 ring forming atoms and which have 1 or 2 doublebonds that do not form an aromatic p-electron system. Examples are 2,3-dihydropyrrolyl, 3,4-dihydropyrrolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, 3,4-dihydrofuranyl, 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl, 3,4-dihydrothiophenyl, 1,2-dihydropyridinyl, 2,3-Dihydropyridiynl, 3,4-dihydropyridinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridinyl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridinyl, and the like.

5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals are heteroaromatic cyclic radicals, wherein the cyclic radical has 5 or 6 atoms which form the ring (ring members) and wherein generally 1, 2, 3 or 4 ring member atoms are selected from O, S and N, the other ring member atoms being carbon atoms. The heteroaromatic radicals may be bound via a carbon atom (C-bound) or an nitrogen atom (N-bound). Preferred heteroaromatic radicals comprise 1 nitrogen atom as ring member atom and optionally 1, 2 or 3 further heteroatoms as ring members, which are selected, independently of each other from O, S and N. Likewise preferred heteroaromatic radicals comprise 1 heteroatom as ring member, which is selected from O, S and N, and optionally 1, 2 or 3 further nitrogen atoms as ring members. Examples of 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals comprise 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-furyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 1-, 2- or 4-imidazolyl, 1-, 3- or 4-pyrazolyl, 1- or 3-[1,2,4]-triazolyl, 1- or 4-[1,2,3]-triazolyl, 1-, 2- or 5-tetrazolyl, 2-, 3- or 5-oxazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl, 2-, 3- or 5-thiazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isothiazolyl, 4- or 5-[1,2,3]-oxadiazolyl, [1,2,5]-oxadiazolyl (=furazanyl), 3- or 5-[1,2,4]-oxadizolyl, [1,3,4]-oxadizolyl, 4- or 5-[1,2,3]-thiadiazolyl, [1,2,5]-thiadiazolyl, 3- or 5-[1,2,4]-thiadizolyl or [1,3,4]-thiadiazolyl, which may be unsubstituted or which may carry 1, 2 or 3 of the aforementioned radicals R^(a) and/or R^(b).

A skilled person will appreciate that the radical-E-SO₂—Ar may be bound to any of the carbon atoms of the phenyl part of the bicyclic moiety in formula I, thereby substituting a hydrogen atom. Preferably the radical -E-SO₂—Ar is not bound to a carbon atom, which is not adjacent to a bridgehead carbon atom of the bicyclic moiety.

Preferably, Ar is phenyl or an aromatic 5- or 6-membered C-bound heteroaromatic radical, comprising 1 nitrogen atom as ring member and 0, 1, 2 or 3 further heteroatoms, independently of each other, selected from O, S and N, as ring members which may be unsubstituted or which may carry 1, 2 or 3 of the aforementioned radicals R^(a) and/or R^(b). Amongst these heteroaromatic radicals those are preferred, which comprise 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms and no further heteroatom as ring members, or 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and 1 atom, selected from O and S, as ring members. However, thienyl and furyl are likewise preferred. Particularly preferred radicals Ar are 2- or 3-thienyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, 2-, 3- or 5-thiazolyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, in particular 2-thienyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyridinyl and more particularly phenyl which may be unsubstituted or which may carry 1, 2 or 3 of the aforementioned radicals R^(a) and/or R^(b).

Preferably the aromatic radical Ar carries one radical R^(a) and optionally one or two further radicals R^(b) as mentioned above, R^(b) being particularly selected from methyl, fluorinated methyl, halogen, more preferably from fluorine or chlorine.

The aforementioned 5-membered heteroaromatic radicals Ar preferably one radical R^(a) in the 3-position (related to the position of the SO₂-radical) and optionally one or two further radicals R^(b), which are preferably selected from halogen, in particular fluorine or chlorine.

Phenyl and the aforementioned 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals Ar preferably carry one radical R^(a) in the 4-position (related to the position of the SO₂-radical) and optionally one or two further radicals R^(b), which are preferably selected from halogen, in particular fluorine or chlorine.

In a very preferred embodiment of the invention Ar is phenyl that carries a radical R^(a) in the 4-position of the phenyl ring and optionally 1 or 2 further radicals R^(b), which are preferably selected from halogen, in particular from fluorine or chlorine.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention Ar is 2-pyrimidinyl that carries a radical R^(a) in the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring and optionally 1 or 2 further radicals R^(b), which are preferably selected from halogen, in particular from fluorine or chlorine.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention Ar is 5-pyrimidinyl that carries a radical R^(a) in the 2-position of the pyrimidine ring and optionally 1 or 2 further radicals R^(b), which are preferably selected from halogen, in particular from fluorine or chlorine.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention Ar is 2-thienyl that carries a radical R^(a) in the 3-position of the thiophen ring and optionally 1 or 2 further radicals R^(b), which are preferably selected from halogen, in particular from fluorine or chlorine. In a preferred embodiment Ar carries 1 radical R^(a) which is selected from the group consisting of C₂-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkoxy, NR⁴R⁵, 1-aziridinyl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl, wherein the last four mentioned radicals may be fluorinated, a phenyl group and an aromatic 5- or 6-membered C-bound heteroaromatic radical, comprising 1 nitrogen atom as ring member and 0, 1, 2 or 3 further heteroatoms, independently of each other, selected from O, S and N, wherein the last two mentioned radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals selected from halogen and the radicals R^(a); and wherein Ar may carry 1 or 2 further radicals R^(b), which are independently from each other selected from halogen, cyano, methyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy and trifluoromethoxy. In this embodiment R⁴, R⁵ are, independently of each other, preferably selected from H, C₁-C₂-alkyl and fluorinated C₁-C₂-alkyl. Preferably one of the radicals R⁴ or R⁵ is different from hydrogen. One of the radicals R⁴ or R⁵ may also be C₁-C₂-alkoxy.

In a very preferred embodiment, the radical Ar preferably carries one radical R^(a), which has the formula R^(a)

wherein

Y is N, CH or CF,

R^(a1) and R^(a2) are independently of each other selected from C₁-C₂-alkyl, C₁-C₂-alkoxy, fluorinanted C₁-C₂-alkyl, provided for Y being CH or CF one of the radicals R^(a1) or R^(a2) may also be hydrogen or fluorine, or R^(a1) and R^(a2) together form a radical (CH₂)_(m) wherein 1 or 2 of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by fluorine, hydroxy, oxo, C₁-C₂-alkyl or C₁-C₂-alkoxy, wherein one CH₂ moiety may be replaced by O, S, S═O, SO₂ or N—R^(c), R^(c) being hydrogen or C₁-C₂-alkyl and wherein m is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;

In particular

R^(a1) or R^(a2) may also be hydrogen or fluorine R^(a1) and R^(a2) are independently of each other selected from C₁-C₂-alkyl, fluorinated C₁-C₂-alkyl, in particular fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl, provided for Y being CH or CF one of the radicals R^(a1) or R^(a2) may also be hydrogen or fluorine, or R^(a1) and R^(a2) form a radical (CH₂)_(k) wherein 1 or 2 of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by fluorine and wherein k is 2, 3 or 4, in particular CH₂—CH₂, CHF—CH₂CF₂—CH₂, CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, CHF—CH₂—CH₂, CF₂—CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—CHF—CH₂, CH₂—CF₂—CH₂.

In case R^(a1) and R^(a2) are different from each other, the radical of the aforementioned formula R^(a′) may have either (R)- or (S)-configuration with regard to the Y-moiety.

Examples for preferred radicals R^(a1) comprise isopropyl, (R)-1-fluoroethyl, (S)-1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, (R)-1-fluoropropyl, (S)-1-fluoropropyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 1,1-difluoropropyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 3,3-difluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, (R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl, (R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (R)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl, 2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethyl, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluoroethyl cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 1-fluorocyclopropyl, and 2-fluorocyclopropyl

Also preferred are radicals R^(a′) wherein one of R^(a1) or R^(a2) is C₁-C₂-alkoxy and the other of R^(a1) or R^(a2) is selected from H, C₁-C₂-alkyl, in particular methyl, fluorinated C₁-C₂-alkyl, in particular fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl. Examples comprise N-methoxy-N-methylamino, N-methoxyamino and N-ethoxyamino.

Preferred radicals of the formula R^(a′) also comprise those wherein Y is nitrogen and wherein R^(a1) and R^(a2) form a radical (CH₂)_(m) wherein 1 or 2 of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by fluorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or oxo and wherein m is 2, 3, 4 or 5. Examples comprise azetidin-1-yl, 2-methylazetidin-1-yl, (S)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl, (R)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl, 3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl, 3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl, 3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, 2,2-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, 3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, 2-methylpiperidin-1-yl, (S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl and (R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl.

Likewise preferred are radicals R^(a′), wherein R^(a1) and R^(a2) together form a radical (CH₂)_(m) wherein 1 or 2 of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by fluorine, hydroxy, oxo, C₁-C₂-alkyl or C₁-C₂-alkoxy, wherein one CH₂ moiety is replaced by O, S, S═O, SO₂ or N—R^(c), R^(c) being hydrogen or C₁-C₂-alkyl and wherein m is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. Examples for preferred radicals of the formula R^(a′) also comprise 4-morpholinyl, 4-thiomorpholinyl, 4-(1,1-dioxo)thiomorpholinyl, piperazin-1-yl, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl, 2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, (S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, (R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, (S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl, (R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl, 2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, (S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, (R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, (S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl and (R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl.

Amongst the radicals of the formula R^(a′) those are preferred which carry 1, 2, 3 or 4, in particular 1, 2 or 3 fluorine atoms.

In a further preferred embodiment Ar carries one radical R^(a), which is selected from 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals having as ring members 1 heteroatom selected from O, S and N and which may further have 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms as ring members, and wherein the 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic radical may carry 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halogen, NO₂, NH₂, OH, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkoxy, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, di-C₁-C₆-alkylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl and fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl. Amongst these radicals R^(a), preference is given to radicals selected from 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-furyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 1-, 2- or 4-imidazolyl, 1-, 3- or 4-pyrazolyl, 1- or 3-[1,2,4]-triazolyl, 1- or 4-[1,2,3]-triazolyl, 1-, 2- or 5-tetrazolyl, 2-, 3- or 5-oxazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl, 2-, 3- or 5-thiazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isothiazolyl, 4- or 5-[1,2,3]-oxadiazolyl, [1,2,5]-oxadiazolyl (=furazanyl), 3- or 5-[1,2,4]-oxadizolyl, [1,3,4]-oxadizolyl, 4- or 5-[1,2,3]-thiadiazolyl, [1,2,5]-thiadiazolyl, 3- or 5-[1,2,4]-thiadizolyl or [1,3,4]-thiadiazolyl, in particular from 2- or 3-furanyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl and tetrazolyl, where the heteroaromatic radical may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 to 3 substituents as given above. Preferred substituents on heteroaromatic R^(a) are selected from halogen, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl and fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkoxy.

In a further preferred embodiment Ar carries 1 radical R^(a) which selected from the group consisting of CHF₂, CH₂F, OCHF₂ and OCH₂F, with OCHF₂ being preferred. In this embodiment Ar may also carry 1 or 2 further radicals R^(b), which are independently from each other selected from halogen, cyano, methyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy and trifluoromethoxy. Preferably Ar carries no further radical R^(b). In this embodiment Ar is preferably phenyl which carries 1 radical R^(a) which selected from the group consisting of CHF₂ CH₂F, OCHF₂ and OCH₂F, with OCHF₂ being preferred. In this embodiment Ar is preferably phenyl, which carries R^(a) in the 4 position with respect to the SO₂-group.

In another embodiment of the invention, Ar carries 1 radical R^(a) which selected from the group consisting of C₂-C₆-alkenyl, fluorinated C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkoxy, COOH, CH₂NR⁴R⁵, ONR⁴R⁵, NHC(O)NR⁴R⁵, C(O)NR⁴R⁵, SO₂NR⁴R⁵, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, fluorinated C₂-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, C₁-C₆ alkylcarbonyloxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy and a 5- or 6-membered N-bound heteroaromatic radical, wherein the four last mentioned radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals selected from halogen, NO₂, NH₂, OH, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkoxy, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, di-C₁-C₆-alkylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl and fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl.

In another embodiment of the invention, Ar is phenyl, which carries 1 radical R^(a) and at least one radical R^(b) and wherein R^(a) and one radical R^(b) are bound to two adjacent carbon atoms of phenyl and form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic or carbocylic ring which is fused to the phenyl ring and which is unsubstituted or which may carry 1, 2 or 3 radicals as given above. Examples of a phenyl ring fused to a saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring comprise indenyl, indanyl, naphthyl, tetralin, benzofuranyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzothienyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxathiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzoxazinyl, dihydrobenzoxazinyl, chinolinyl, isochinolinyl, tetrahydroisochinolinyl, chromenyl, chromanyl and the like, which may be unsubstituted or which may carry 1, 2 or 3 of the aforementioned radicals. Preferred substituents for the saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring fused to the phenyl ring are selected from halogen, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl and fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkoxy.

The radical R¹ is preferably C₂-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₄-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₄-cycloalkylmethyl, C₃-C₄-alkenyl, fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-cycloalkylmethyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-alkenyl, formyl or C₁-C₃-alkylcarbonyl, in particular C₂-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₄-alkenyl, fluorinated C₂-C₄-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-alkenyl, more preferably n-propyl, fluorinated C₂-C₃-alkyl or 1-propen-3-yl, in particular n-propyl.

A first preferred embodiment of the invention relates to compounds, wherein R^(1a) is hydrogen. In these compounds R¹ has the meanings given above. In particular R¹ is n-propyl. In this embodiment R^(2a) is preferably hydrogen while R² is preferably hydrogen, methyl or fluorinated methyl. In particular, both R^(2a) and R² are hydrogen or one of the radicals R^(2a) and R² is hydrogen while the other is methyl.

In a second preferred embodiment, R^(1a) is different from hydrogen and preferably C₂-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₄-alkenyl, fluorinated C₂-C₄-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-alkenyl, more preferably n-propyl, fluorinated C₂-C₃-alkyl or 1-propen-3-yl, in particular n-propyl. In these compounds R¹ has the meanings given above. In particular R¹ is n-propyl. In this embodiment R^(2a) is preferably hydrogen while R² is preferably hydrogen, methyl or fluorinated methyl. In particular both R^(2a) and R² are hydrogen or one of the radicals R^(2a) and R² is hydrogen while the other is methyl.

In a third preferred embodiment, R^(2a) and R^(1a) together are (CH₂)_(n) with n being 3 or 4. R² is preferably hydrogen. In these compounds R¹ has the meanings given above. In particular R¹ is n-propyl, 1-propen-3-yl.

One preferred embodiment of the invention, relates to compounds of the formula I, wherein X is CH. Another embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the formula I, wherein X is N.

Preferably the moiety E is N—R³, wherein R³ is as defined above. R³ is in particular H or methyl and most preferred H. If E is a moiety CR⁶R⁷, preferably one and in particular both of the radicals R⁶ and R⁷ are hydrogen.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are compounds of the following formulae Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, If, Ig, Ih, Ii, Ik, Im, In, Io, Ip, Iq, Ir, Is, It, Iu and Iv and to the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts thereof. With regard to the carbon atom carrying the NR¹-group, compounds of the formulae Ic, Id, Ii, Ik, Io, Ip, Iu and Iv may exist as R-enantiomers or S-enantiomers as well as mixtures of the enantiomers such as racemic mixtures. The preferred embodiments include the R- and S-enantiomers of Ic, Id, Ii, Ik, Io, Ip, Iu and Iv and the mixtures of the enantiomers.

In the compounds of the formulae Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, If, Ig, Ih, Ii, Ik, Im, In, Io, Ip, Iq, Ir, Is, It, Iu and Iv R¹, Ar and R^(1a) are as defined above with particular preference given to those compounds wherein R¹, Ar and R^(1a) have one of the preferred meanings.

Examples of preferred compounds of the general formula I are given in the following tables A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A5, A-6, A-7, A-B, A-9, A-10, A-11, A-12, A-13, A-14, A-15, A-16, A-17, A-18, A-19 and A-20.

Table A-1: Compounds of the formula Ia, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one of the rows 61 to 1704 of table A.

Table A-2: Compounds of the formula Ib, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-3: Compounds of the formula Ic, including the pure S-isomers, the pure R-isomers and the racemic mixtures, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-4: Compounds of the formula Id, including the pure S-isomers, the pure R-isomers and the racemic mixtures, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-5: Compounds of the formula Ie, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-6: Compounds of the formula If, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-7: Compounds of the formula 19, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-8: Compounds of the formula Ih, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-9: Compounds of the formula Ii, including the pure S-isomers, the pure R-isomers and the racemic mixtures, wherein Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-10: Compounds of the formula Ik, including the pure S-isomers, the pure R-isomers and the racemic mixtures, wherein Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-11: Compounds of the formula 1m, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one of the rows of table A.

Table A-12: Compounds of the formula In, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-13: Compounds of the formula 1o, including the pure S-isomers, the pure R-isomers and the racemic mixtures, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-14: Compounds of the formula Ip, including the pure S-isomers, the pure R-isomers and the racemic mixtures, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-15: Compounds of the formula Iq, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-16: Compounds of the formula Ir, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-17: Compounds of the formula Is, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-18: Compounds of the formula It, wherein R^(1a) is H and Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-19: Compounds of the formula Iu, including the pure S-isomers, the pure R-isomers and the racemic mixtures, wherein Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

Table A-20: Compounds of the formula Iv, including the pure S-isomers, the pure R-isomers and the racemic mixtures, wherein Ar and R¹ have the meaning given in one row of table A.

TABLE A No. R¹ Ar 1. methyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 2. methyl 3-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 3. methyl 4-cyanophenyl 4. methyl 4-methylphenyl 5. methyl 4-ethylphenyl 6. methyl 4-propylphenyl 7. methyl 4-methoxyphenyl 8. methyl 4-fluorophenyl 9. methyl 4-chlorophenyl 10. methyl 4-bromophenyl 11. methyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 12. methyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 13. methyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 14. methyl 3,4-difluorophenyl 15. methyl 4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl 16. methyl 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl 17. methyl 4-bromo-2,5-difluorophenyl 18. methyl 2-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 19. methyl 4-methylsulfanyl 20. methyl 4-hydroxyphenyl 21. ethyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 22. ethyl 3-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 23. ethyl 4-cyanophenyl 24. ethyl 4-methylphenyl 25. ethyl 4-ethylphenyl 26. ethyl 4-propylphenyl 27. ethyl 4-methoxyphenyl 28. ethyl 4-fluorophenyl 29. ethyl 4-chlorophenyl 30. ethyl 4-bromophenyl 31. ethyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 32. ethyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 33. ethyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 34. ethyl 3,4-difluorophenyl 35. ethyl 4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl 36. ethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl 37. ethyl 4-bromo-2,5-difluorophenyl 38. ethyl 2-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 39. ethyl 4-methylsulfanyl 40. ethyl 4-hydroxyphenyl 41. propyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 42. propyl 3-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 43. propyl 4-cyanophenyl 44. propyl 4-methylphenyl 45. propyl 4-ethylphenyl 46. propyl 4-propylphenyl 47. propyl 4-methoxyphenyl 48. propyl 4-fluorophenyl 49. propyl 4-chlorophenyl 50. propyl 4-bromophenyl 51. propyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 52. propyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 53. propyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 54. propyl 3,4-difluorophenyl 55. propyl 4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl 56. propyl 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl 57. propyl 4-bromo-2,5-difluorophenyl 58. propyl 2-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 59. propyl 4-methylsulfanyl 60. propyl 4-hydroxyphenyl 61. propyl 4-isopropylphenyl 62. propyl 4-sec-butylphenyl 63. propyl 4-isobutylphenyl 64. propyl 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl 65. propyl 4-vinylphenyl 66. propyl 4-isopropenylphenyl 67. propyl 4-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 68. propyl 3-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 69. propyl 2-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 70. propyl 4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 71. propyl 3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 72. propyl 2-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 73. propyl 4-(1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 74. propyl 4-((S)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 75. propyl 4-((R)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 76. propyl 4-(2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 77. propyl 4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 78. propyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 79. propyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-phenyl 80. propyl 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 81. propyl 4-(2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 82. propyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 83. propyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 84. propyl 4-(3,3-difluoropropyl)-phenyl 85. propyl 4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-phenyl 86. propyl 4-(1-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 87. propyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 88. propyl 4-((S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 89. propyl 4-((R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 90. propyl 4-(2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 91. propyl 4-((S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 92. propyl 4-((R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 93. propyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 94. propyl 4-((S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 95. propyl 4-((R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 96. propyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-fluoromethylethyl)-phenyl 97. propyl 4-(1-difluoromethyl-2,2-difluoroethyl)- phenyl 98. propyl 4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 99. propyl 4-ethoxyphenyl 100. propyl 4-propoxyphenyl 101. propyl 4-isopropoxyphenyl 102. propyl 4-butoxyphenyl 103. propyl 4-(fluoromethoxy)-phenyl 104. propyl 4-(difluoromethoxy)-phenyl 105. propyl 4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-phenyl 106. propyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-phenyl 107. propyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-phenyl 108. propyl 4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl 109. propyl 4-cyclopropylphenyl 110. propyl 4-cyclobutylphenyl 111. propyl 4-cyclopentylphenyl 112. propyl 4-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-phenyl 113. propyl 2-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 114. propyl 3-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 115. propyl 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 116. propyl 4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-phenyl 117. propyl 4-acetylphenyl 118. propyl 4-carboxyphenyl 119. propyl 4-(O-benzyl)-phenyl 120. propyl 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-phenyl 121. propyl 4-(CH₂—N(CH₃)₂)-phenyl 122. propyl 4-(NH—CO—NH₂)-phenyl 123. propyl 4-(fluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 124. propyl 4-(difluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 125. propyl 4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 126. propyl 4-(methylsulfonyl)-phenyl 127. propyl 4-(N-methoxy-N-methyl-amino)-phenyl 128. propyl 4-(methoxyamino)-phenyl 129. propyl 4-(ethoxyamino)-phenyl 130. propyl 4-(N-methylaminooxy)-phenyl 131. propyl 4-(N,N-dimethylaminooxy)-phenyl 132. propyl 4-(azetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 133. propyl 4-(2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 134. propyl 4-((S)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 135. propyl 4-((R)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 136. propyl 4-(3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 137. propyl 4-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 138. propyl 4-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 139. propyl 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 140. propyl 4-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 141. propyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 142. propyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 143. propyl 4-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 144. propyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 145. propyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 146. propyl 4-(2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 147. propyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 148. propyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 149. propyl 4-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 150. propyl 4-((S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 151. propyl 4-((R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 152. propyl 4-(2,2-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 153. propyl 4-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 154. propyl 4-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 155. propyl 4-((S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 156. propyl 4-((R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 157. propyl 4-(3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 158. propyl 4-((S)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 159. propyl 4-((R)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 160. propyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 161. propyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 162. propyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 163. propyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 164. propyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 165. propyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 166. propyl 4-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 167. propyl 4-(3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 168. propyl 4-(2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 169. propyl 4-((S)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 170. propyl 4-((R)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 171. propyl 4-(3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 172. propyl 4-((S)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 173. propyl 4-((R)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 174. propyl 4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 175. propyl 4-(2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 176. propyl 4-(piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 177. propyl 4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 178. propyl 4-((S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 179. propyl 4-((R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 180. propyl 4-(piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 181. propyl 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 182. propyl 4-(morpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 183. propyl 4-(thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 184. propyl 4-(1-oxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 185. propyl 4-(1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 186. propyl 4-(pyrrol-1-yl)-phenyl 187. propyl 4-(pyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 188. propyl 4-(pyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 189. propyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 190. propyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 191. propyl 4-(furan-2-yl)-phenyl 192. propyl 4-(furan-3-yl)-phenyl 193. propyl 4-(thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl 194. propyl 4-(thiophen-3-yl)-phenyl 195. propyl 4-(5-propylthien-2-yl)-phenyl 196. propyl 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 197. propyl 4-(pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl 198. propyl 4-(pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 199. propyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 200. propyl 4-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 201. propyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 202. propyl 4-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 203. propyl 4-(imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl 204. propyl 4-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 205. propyl 4-(oxazol-2-yl)-phenyl 206. propyl 4-(oxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 207. propyl 4-(oxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 208. propyl 4-(isoxazol-3-yl)-phenyl 209. propyl 4-(isoxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 210. propyl 4-(isoxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 211. propyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 212. propyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 213. propyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-2-yl)-phenyl 214. propyl 4-(4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 215. propyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 216. propyl 4-(2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 217. propyl 4-(4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 218. propyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 219. propyl 4-([1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenyl 220. propyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-3-yl)-phenyl 221. propyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 222. propyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 223. propyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 224. propyl 4-([1,2,3]-thiadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 225. propyl 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 226. propyl 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 227. propyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 228. propyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 229. propyl 4-furazan-3-yl-phenyl 230. propyl 4-(pyrid-2-yl)-phenyl 231. propyl 4-(pyrid-3-yl)-phenyl 232. propyl 4-(pyrid-4-yl)-phenyl 233. propyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl 234. propyl 4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl 235. propyl 4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-phenyl 236. propyl 5-isopropylthiophen-2-yl 237. propyl 2-chlorothiophen-5-yl 238. propyl 2,5-dichlorothiophen-4-yl 239. propyl 2,3-dichlorothiophen-5-yl 240. propyl 2-chloro-3-nitrothiophen-5-yl 241. propyl 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-thiophen-5-yl 242. propyl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiophen-5-yl 243. propyl 2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)- thiophen-5-yl 244. propyl 2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-thiophen-5-yl 245. propyl 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 246. propyl 1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 247. propyl 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 248. propyl thiazol-2-yl 249. propyl 4-methylthiazol-2-yl 250. propyl 4-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 251. propyl 4-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 252. propyl 5-methylthiazol-2-yl 253. propyl 5-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 254. propyl 5-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 255. propyl 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl 256. propyl 2-acetamido-4-methylthiazol-5-yl 257. propyl 4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 258. propyl 5-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 259. propyl 4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 260. propyl 5-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 261. propyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 262. propyl 4,5-dimethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 263. propyl 5-isopropyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 264. propyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol- 3-yl 265. propyl [1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 266. propyl 5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 267. propyl 5-isopropyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 268. propyl 5-trifluoromethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 269. propyl 3-bromo-2-chloropyrid-5-yl 270. propyl 2-(4-morpholino)-pyrid-5-yl 271. propyl 2-phenoxypyrid-5-yl 272. propyl (2-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-5-yl 273. propyl (5-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl 274. propyl 8-quinolyl 275. propyl 5-isoquinolyl 276. propyl 2-(trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl 277. propyl 5-chloro-3-methylbenzothiophen-2-yl 278. propyl 3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H- benzo[b][1,4]oxazinyl 279. propyl benzothiazol-6-yl 280. propyl benzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 281. propyl 5-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 282. propyl 7-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 283. propyl benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4-yl 284. ethyl 4-isopropylphenyl 285. ethyl 4-sec-butylphenyl 286. ethyl 4-isobutylphenyl 287. ethyl 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl 288. ethyl 4-vinylphenyl 289. ethyl 4-isopropenylphenyl 290. ethyl 4-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 291. ethyl 3-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 292. ethyl 2-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 293. ethyl 4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 294. ethyl 3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 295. ethyl 2-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 296. ethyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 297. ethyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 298. ethyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 299. ethyl 4-(1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 300. ethyl 4-((S)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 301. ethyl 4-((R)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 302. ethyl 4-(2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 303. ethyl 4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 304. ethyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 305. ethyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-phenyl 306. ethyl 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 307. ethyl 4-(2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 308. ethyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 309. ethyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 310. ethyl 4-(3,3-difluoropropyl)-phenyl 311. ethyl 4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-phenyl 312. ethyl 4-(1-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 313. ethyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 314. ethyl 4-((S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 315. ethyl 4-((R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 316. ethyl 4-(2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 317. ethyl 4-((S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 318. ethyl 4-((R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 319. ethyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 320. ethyl 4-((S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 321. ethyl 4-((R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 322. ethyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-fluoromethylethyl)-phenyl 323. ethyl 4-(1-difluoromethyl-2,2-difluoroethyl)- phenyl 324. ethyl 4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 325. ethyl 4-ethoxyphenyl 326. ethyl 4-propoxyphenyl 327. ethyl 4-isopropoxyphenyl 328. ethyl 4-butoxyphenyl 329. ethyl 4-(fluoromethoxy)-phenyl 330. ethyl 4-(difluoromethoxy)-phenyl 331. ethyl 4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-phenyl 332. ethyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-phenyl 333. ethyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-phenyl 334. ethyl 4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl 335. ethyl 4-cyclopropylphenyl 336. ethyl 4-cyclobutylphenyl 337. ethyl 4-cyclopentylphenyl 338. ethyl 4-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-phenyl 339. ethyl 3,4-difluorophenyl 340. ethyl 2-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 341. ethyl 3-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 342. ethyl 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 343. ethyl 4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-phenyl 344. ethyl 4-acetylphenyl 345. ethyl 4-carboxyphenyl 346. ethyl 4-(O-benzyl)-phenyl 347. ethyl 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-phenyl 348. ethyl 4-(CH₂—N(CH₃)₂)-phenyl 349. ethyl 4-(NH—CO—NH₂)-phenyl 350. ethyl 4-(fluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 351. ethyl 4-(difluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 352. ethyl 4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 353. ethyl 4-(methylsulfonyl)-phenyl 354. ethyl 4-(N-methoxy-N-methyl-amino)-phenyl 355. ethyl 4-(methoxyamino)-phenyl 356. ethyl 4-(ethoxyamino)-phenyl 357. ethyl 4-(N-methylaminooxy)-phenyl 358. ethyl 4-(N,N-dimethylaminooxy)-phenyl 359. ethyl 4-(azetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 360. ethyl 4-(2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 361. ethyl 4-((S)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 362. ethyl 4-((R)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 363. ethyl 4-(3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 364. ethyl 4-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 365. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 366. ethyl 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 367. ethyl 4-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 368. ethyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 369. ethyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 370. ethyl 4-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 371. ethyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 372. ethyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 373. ethyl 4-(2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 374. ethyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 375. ethyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 376. ethyl 4-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 377. ethyl 4-((S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 378. ethyl 4-((R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 379. ethyl 4-(2,2-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 380. ethyl 4-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 381. ethyl 4-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 382. ethyl 4-((S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 383. ethyl 4-((R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 384. ethyl 4-(3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 385. ethyl 4-((S)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 386. ethyl 4-((R)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 387. ethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 388. ethyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 389. ethyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 390. ethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 391. ethyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 392. ethyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 393. ethyl 4-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 394. ethyl 4-(3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 395. ethyl 4-(2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 396. ethyl 4-((S)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 397. ethyl 4-((R)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 398. ethyl 4-(3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 399. ethyl 4-((S)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 400. ethyl 4-((R)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 401. ethyl 4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 402. ethyl 4-(2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 403. ethyl 4-(piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 404. ethyl 4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 405. ethyl 4-((S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 406. ethyl 4-((R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 407. ethyl 4-(piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 408. ethyl 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 409. ethyl 4-(morpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 410. ethyl 4-(thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 411. ethyl 4-(1-oxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 412. ethyl 4-(1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 413. ethyl 4-(pyrrol-1-yl)-phenyl 414. ethyl 4-(pyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 415. ethyl 4-(pyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 416. ethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 417. ethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 418. ethyl 4-(furan-2-yl)-phenyl 419. ethyl 4-(furan-3-yl)-phenyl 420. ethyl 4-(thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl 421. ethyl 4-(thiophen-3-yl)-phenyl 422. ethyl 4-(5-propylthien-2-yl)-phenyl 423. ethyl 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 424. ethyl 4-(pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl 425. ethyl 4-(pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 426. ethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 427. ethyl 4-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 428. ethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 429. ethyl 4-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 430. ethyl 4-(imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl 431. ethyl 4-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 432. ethyl 4-(oxazol-2-yl)-phenyl 433. ethyl 4-(oxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 434. ethyl 4-(oxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 435. ethyl 4-(isoxazol-3-yl)-phenyl 436. ethyl 4-(isoxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 437. ethyl 4-(isoxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 438. ethyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 439. ethyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 440. ethyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-2-yl)-phenyl 441. ethyl 4-(4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 442. ethyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 443. ethyl 4-(2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 444. ethyl 4-(4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 445. ethyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 446. ethyl 4-([1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenyl 447. ethyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-3-yl)-phenyl 448. ethyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 449. ethyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 450. ethyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 451. ethyl 4-([1,2,3]-thiadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 452. ethyl 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 453. ethyl 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 454. ethyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 455. ethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 456. ethyl 4-furazan-3-yl-phenyl 457. ethyl 4-(pyrid-2-yl)-phenyl 458. ethyl 4-(pyrid-3-yl)-phenyl 459. ethyl 4-(pyrid-4-yl)-phenyl 460. ethyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl 461. ethyl 4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl 462. ethyl 4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-phenyl 463. ethyl 5-isopropylthiophen-2-yl 464. ethyl 2-chlorothiophen-5-yl 465. ethyl 2,5-dichlorothiophen-4-yl 466. ethyl 2,3-dichlorothiophen-5-yl 467. ethyl 2-chloro-3-nitrothiophen-5-yl 468. ethyl 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-thiophen-5-yl 469. ethyl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiophen-5-yl 470. ethyl 2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)- thiophen-5-yl 471. ethyl 2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-thiophen-5-yl 472. ethyl 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 473. ethyl 1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 474. ethyl 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 475. ethyl thiazol-2-yl 476. ethyl 4-methylthiazol-2-yl 477. ethyl 4-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 478. ethyl 4-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 479. ethyl 5-methylthiazol-2-yl 480. ethyl 5-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 481. ethyl 5-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 482. ethyl 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl 483. ethyl 2-acetamido-4-methylthiazol-5-yl 484. ethyl 4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 485. ethyl 5-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 486. ethyl 4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 487. ethyl 5-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 488. ethyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 489. ethyl 4,5-dimethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 490. ethyl 5-isopropyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 491. ethyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol- 3-yl 492. ethyl [1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 493. ethyl 5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 494. ethyl 5-isopropyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 495. ethyl 5-trifluoromethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 496. ethyl 3-bromo-2-chloropyrid-5-yl 497. ethyl 2-(4-morpholino)-pyrid-5-yl 498. ethyl 2-phenoxypyrid-5-yl 499. ethyl (2-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-5-yl 500. ethyl (5-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl 501. ethyl 8-quinolyl 502. ethyl 5-isoquinolyl 503. ethyl 2-(trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl 504. ethyl 5-chloro-3-methylbenzothiophen-2-yl 505. ethyl 3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H- benzo[b][1,4]oxazinyl 506. ethyl benzothiazol-6-yl 507. ethyl benzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 508. ethyl 5-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 509. ethyl 7-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 510. ethyl benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4-yl 511. methyl 4-isopropylphenyl 512. methyl 4-sec-butylphenyl 513. methyl 4-isobutylphenyl 514. methyl 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl 515. methyl 4-vinylphenyl 516. methyl 4-isopropenylphenyl 517. methyl 4-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 518. methyl 3-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 519. methyl 2-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 520. methyl 4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 521. methyl 3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 522. methyl 2-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 523. methyl 4-(1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 524. methyl 4-((S)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 525. methyl 4-((R)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 526. methyl 4-(2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 527. methyl 4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 528. methyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 529. methyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-phenyl 530. methyl 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 531. methyl 4-(2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 532. methyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 533. methyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 534. methyl 4-(3,3-difluoropropyl)-phenyl 535. methyl 4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-phenyl 536. methyl 4-(1-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 537. methyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 538. methyl 4-((S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 539. methyl 4-((R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 540. methyl 4-(2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 541. methyl 4-((S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 542. methyl 4-((R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 543. methyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 544. methyl 4-((S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 545. methyl 4-((R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 546. methyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-fluoromethylethyl)-phenyl 547. methyl 4-(1-difluoromethyl-2,2-difluoroethyl)- phenyl 548. methyl 4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 549. methyl 4-ethoxyphenyl 550. methyl 4-propoxyphenyl 551. methyl 4-isopropoxyphenyl 552. methyl 4-butoxyphenyl 553. methyl 4-(fluoromethoxy)-phenyl 554. methyl 4-(difluoromethoxy)-phenyl 555. methyl 4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-phenyl 556. methyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-phenyl 557. methyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-phenyl 558. methyl 4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl 559. methyl 4-cyclopropylphenyl 560. methyl 4-cyclobutylphenyl 561. methyl 4-cyclopentylphenyl 562. methyl 4-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-phenyl 563. methyl 3-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 564. methyl 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 565. methyl 4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-phenyl 566. methyl 4-acetylphenyl 567. methyl 4-carboxyphenyl 568. methyl 4-cyanophenyl 569. methyl 4-hydroxyphenyl 570. methyl 4-(O-benzyl)-phenyl 571. methyl 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-phenyl 572. methyl 4-(CH₂—N(CH₃)₂)-phenyl 573. methyl 4-(NH—CO—NH₂)-phenyl 574. methyl 4-(methylsulfanyl)-phenyl 575. methyl 4-(fluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 576. methyl 4-(difluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 577. methyl 4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 578. methyl 4-(methylsulfonyl)-phenyl 579. methyl 4-(N-methoxy-N-methyl-amino)-phenyl 580. methyl 4-(methoxyamino)-phenyl 581. methyl 4-(ethoxyamino)-phenyl 582. methyl 4-(N-methylaminooxy)-phenyl 583. methyl 4-(N,N-dimethylaminooxy)-phenyl 584. methyl 4-(azetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 585. methyl 4-(2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 586. methyl 4-((S)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 587. methyl 4-((R)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 588. methyl 4-(3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 589. methyl 4-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 590. methyl 4-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 591. methyl 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 592. methyl 4-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 593. methyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 594. methyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 595. methyl 4-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 596. methyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 597. methyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 598. methyl 4-(2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 599. methyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 600. methyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 601. methyl 4-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 602. methyl 4-((S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 603. methyl 4-((R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 604. methyl 4-(2,2-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 605. methyl 4-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 606. methyl 4-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 607. methyl 4-((S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 608. methyl 4-((R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 609. methyl 4-(3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 610. methyl 4-((S)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 611. methyl 4-((R)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 612. methyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 613. methyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 614. methyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 615. methyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 616. methyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 617. methyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 618. methyl 4-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 619. methyl 4-(3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 620. methyl 4-(2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 621. methyl 4-((S)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 622. methyl 4-((R)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 623. methyl 4-(3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 624. methyl 4-((S)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 625. methyl 4-((R)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 626. methyl 4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 627. methyl 4-(2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 628. methyl 4-(piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 629. methyl 4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 630. methyl 4-((S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 631. methyl 4-((R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 632. methyl 4-(piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 633. methyl 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 634. methyl 4-(morpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 635. methyl 4-(thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 636. methyl 4-(1-oxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 637. methyl 4-(1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 638. methyl 4-(pyrrol-1-yl)-phenyl 639. methyl 4-(pyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 640. methyl 4-(pyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 641. methyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 642. methyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 643. methyl 4-(furan-2-yl)-phenyl 644. methyl 4-(furan-3-yl)-phenyl 645. methyl 4-(thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl 646. methyl 4-(thiophen-3-yl)-phenyl 647. methyl 4-(5-propylthien-2-yl)-phenyl 648. methyl 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 649. methyl 4-(pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl 650. methyl 4-(pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 651. methyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 652. methyl 4-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 653. methyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 654. methyl 4-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 655. methyl 4-(imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl 656. methyl 4-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 657. methyl 4-(oxazol-2-yl)-phenyl 658. methyl 4-(oxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 659. methyl 4-(oxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 660. methyl 4-(isoxazol-3-yl)-phenyl 661. methyl 4-(isoxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 662. methyl 4-(isoxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 663. methyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 664. methyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 665. methyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-2-yl)-phenyl 666. methyl 4-(4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 667. methyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 668. methyl 4-(2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 669. methyl 4-(4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 670. methyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 671. methyl 4-([1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenyl 672. methyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-3-yl)-phenyl 673. methyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 674. methyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 675. methyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 676. methyl 4-([1,2,3]-thiadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 677. methyl 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 678. methyl 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 679. methyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 680. methyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 681. methyl 4-furazan-3-yl-phenyl 682. methyl 4-(pyrid-2-yl)-phenyl 683. methyl 4-(pyrid-3-yl)-phenyl 684. methyl 4-(pyrid-4-yl)-phenyl 685. methyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl 686. methyl 4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl 687. methyl 4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-phenyl 688. methyl 5-isopropylthiophen-2-yl 689. methyl 2-chlorothiophen-5-yl 690. methyl 2,5-dichlorothiophen-4-yl 691. methyl 2,3-dichlorothiophen-5-yl 692. methyl 2-chloro-3-nitrothiophen-5-yl 693. methyl 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-thiophen-5-yl 694. methyl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiophen-5-yl 695. methyl 2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)- thiophen-5-yl 696. methyl 2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-thiophen-5-yl 697. methyl 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 698. methyl 1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 699. methyl 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 700. methyl thiazol-2-yl 701. methyl 4-methylthiazol-2-yl 702. methyl 4-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 703. methyl 4-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 704. methyl 5-methylthiazol-2-yl 705. methyl 5-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 706. methyl 5-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 707. methyl 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl 708. methyl 2-acetamido-4-methylthiazol-5-yl 709. methyl 4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 710. methyl 5-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 711. methyl 4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 712. methyl 5-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 713. methyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 714. methyl 4,5-dimethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 715. methyl 5-isopropyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 716. methyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol- 3-yl 717. methyl [1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 718. methyl 5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 719. methyl 5-isopropyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 720. methyl 5-trifluoromethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 721. methyl 3-bromo-2-chloropyrid-5-yl 722. methyl 2-(4-morpholino)-pyrid-5-yl 723. methyl 2-phenoxypyrid-5-yl 724. methyl (2-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-5-yl 725. methyl (5-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl 726. methyl 8-quinolyl 727. methyl 5-isoquinolyl 728. methyl 2-(trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl 729. methyl 5-chloro-3-methylbenzothiophen-2-yl 730. methyl 3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H- benzo[b][1,4]oxazinyl 731. methyl benzothiazol-6-yl 732. methyl benzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 733. methyl 5-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 734. methyl 7-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 735. methyl benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4-yl 736. 3-fluoropropyl 4-methylphenyl 737. 3-fluoropropyl 4-ethylphenyl 738. 3-fluoropropyl 4-propylphenyl 739. 3-fluoropropyl 4-isopropylphenyl 740. 3-fluoropropyl 4-sec-butylphenyl 741. 3-fluoropropyl 4-isobutylphenyl 742. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl 743. 3-fluoropropyl 4-vinylphenyl 744. 3-fluoropropyl 4-isopropenylphenyl 745. 3-fluoropropyl 4-fluorophenyl 746. 3-fluoropropyl 4-chlorophenyl 747. 3-fluoropropyl 4-bromophenyl 748. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 749. 3-fluoropropyl 3-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 750. 3-fluoropropyl 2-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 751. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 752. 3-fluoropropyl 3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 753. 3-fluoropropyl 2-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 754. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 755. 3-fluoropropyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 756. 3-fluoropropyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 757. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 758. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 759. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 760. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 761. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 762. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 763. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-phenyl 764. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 765. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 766. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 767. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 768. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3,3-difluoropropyl)-phenyl 769. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-phenyl 770. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 771. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 772. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 773. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 774. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 775. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 776. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 777. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 778. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 779. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 780. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-fluoromethylethyl)-phenyl 781. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-difluoromethyl-2,2-difluoroethyl)- phenyl 782. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 783. 3-fluoropropyl 4-methoxyphenyl 784. 3-fluoropropyl 4-ethoxyphenyl 785. 3-fluoropropyl 4-propoxyphenyl 786. 3-fluoropropyl 4-isopropoxyphenyl 787. 3-fluoropropyl 4-butoxyphenyl 788. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(fluoromethoxy)-phenyl 789. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(difluoromethoxy)-phenyl 790. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 791. 3-fluoropropyl 3-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 792. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-phenyl 793. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-phenyl 794. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-phenyl 795. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl 796. 3-fluoropropyl 4-cyclopropylphenyl 797. 3-fluoropropyl 4-cyclobutylphenyl 798. 3-fluoropropyl 4-cyclopentylphenyl 799. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-phenyl 800. 3-fluoropropyl 3,4-difluorophenyl 801. 3-fluoropropyl 4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl 802. 3-fluoropropyl 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl 803. 3-fluoropropyl 4-bromo-2,5-difluorophenyl 804. 3-fluoropropyl 2-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 805. 3-fluoropropyl 3-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 806. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 807. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-phenyl 808. 3-fluoropropyl 4-acetylphenyl 809. 3-fluoropropyl 4-carboxyphenyl 810. 3-fluoropropyl 4-cyanophenyl 811. 3-fluoropropyl 4-hydroxyphenyl 812. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(O-benzyl)-phenyl 813. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-phenyl 814. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(CH₂—N(CH₃)₂)-phenyl 815. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(NH—CO—NH₂)-phenyl 816. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(methylsulfanyl)-phenyl 817. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(fluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 818. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(difluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 819. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 820. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(methylsulfonyl)-phenyl 821. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(N-methoxy-N-methyl-amino)-phenyl 822. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(methoxyamino)-phenyl 823. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(ethoxyamino)-phenyl 824. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(N-methylaminooxy)-phenyl 825. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(N,N-dimethylaminooxy)-phenyl 826. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(azetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 827. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 828. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 829. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 830. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 831. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 832. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 833. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 834. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 835. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 836. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 837. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 838. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 839. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 840. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 841. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 842. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 843. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 844. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 845. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 846. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2,2-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 847. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 848. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 849. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 850. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 851. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 852. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 853. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 854. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 855. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 856. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 857. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 858. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 859. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 860. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 861. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 862. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 863. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 864. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 865. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 866. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 867. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 868. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 869. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 870. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 871. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 872. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 873. 3-fluoropropyl 4-((R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 874. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 875. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 876. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(morpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 877. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 878. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-oxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 879. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 880. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrrol-1-yl)-phenyl 881. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 882. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 883. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 884. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 885. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(furan-2-yl)-phenyl 886. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(furan-3-yl)-phenyl 887. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl 888. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(thiophen-3-yl)-phenyl 889. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(5-propylthien-2-yl)-phenyl 890. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 891. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl 892. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 893. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 894. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 895. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 896. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 897. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl 898. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 899. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(oxazol-2-yl)-phenyl 900. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(oxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 901. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(oxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 902. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(isoxazol-3-yl)-phenyl 903. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(isoxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 904. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(isoxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 905. 3-fluoropropyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 906. 3-fluoropropyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 907. 3-fluoropropyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-2-yl)-phenyl 908. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 909. 3-fluoropropyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 910. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 911. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 912. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 913. 3-fluoropropyl 4-([1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenyl 914. 3-fluoropropyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-3-yl)-phenyl 915. 3-fluoropropyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 916. 3-fluoropropyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 917. 3-fluoropropyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 918. 3-fluoropropyl 4-([1,2,3]-thiadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 919. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 920. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 921. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 922. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 923. 3-fluoropropyl 4-furazan-3-yl-phenyl 924. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrid-2-yl)-phenyl 925. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrid-3-yl)-phenyl 926. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrid-4-yl)-phenyl 927. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl 928. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl 929. 3-fluoropropyl 4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-phenyl 930. 3-fluoropropyl 5-isopropylthiophen-2-yl 931. 3-fluoropropyl 2-chlorothiophen-5-yl 932. 3-fluoropropyl 2,5-dichlorothiophen-4-yl 933. 3-fluoropropyl 2,3-dichlorothiophen-5-yl 934. 3-fluoropropyl 2-chloro-3-nitrothiophen-5-yl 935. 3-fluoropropyl 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-thiophen-5-yl 936. 3-fluoropropyl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiophen-5-yl 937. 3-fluoropropyl 2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)- thiophen-5-yl 938. 3-fluoropropyl 2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-thiophen-5-yl 939. 3-fluoropropyl 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 940. 3-fluoropropyl 1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 941. 3-fluoropropyl 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 942. 3-fluoropropyl thiazol-2-yl 943. 3-fluoropropyl 4-methylthiazol-2-yl 944. 3-fluoropropyl 4-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 945. 3-fluoropropyl 4-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 946. 3-fluoropropyl 5-methylthiazol-2-yl 947. 3-fluoropropyl 5-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 948. 3-fluoropropyl 5-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 949. 3-fluoropropyl 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl 950. 3-fluoropropyl 2-acetamido-4-methylthiazol-5-yl 951. 3-fluoropropyl 4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 952. 3-fluoropropyl 5-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 953. 3-fluoropropyl 4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 954. 3-fluoropropyl 5-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 955. 3-fluoropropyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 956. 3-fluoropropyl 4,5-dimethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 957. 3-fluoropropyl 5-isopropyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 958. 3-fluoropropyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol- 3-yl 959. 3-fluoropropyl [1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 960. 3-fluoropropyl 5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 961. 3-fluoropropyl 5-isopropyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 962. 3-fluoropropyl 5-trifluoromethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 963. 3-fluoropropyl 3-bromo-2-chloropyrid-5-yl 964. 3-fluoropropyl 2-(4-morpholino)-pyrid-5-yl 965. 3-fluoropropyl 2-phenoxypyrid-5-yl 966. 3-fluoropropyl (2-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-5-yl 967. 3-fluoropropyl (5-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl 968. 3-fluoropropyl 8-quinolyl 969. 3-fluoropropyl 5-isoquinolyl 970. 3-fluoropropyl 2-(trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl 971. 3-fluoropropyl 5-chloro-3-methylbenzothiophen-2-yl 972. 3-fluoropropyl 3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H- benzo[b][1,4]oxazinyl 973. 3-fluoropropyl benzothiazol-6-yl 974. 3-fluoropropyl benzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 975. 3-fluoropropyl 5-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 976. 3-fluoropropyl 7-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 977. 3-fluoropropyl benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4-yl 978. 2-fluoroethyl 4-methylphenyl 979. 2-fluoroethyl 4-ethylphenyl 980. 2-fluoroethyl 4-propylphenyl 981. 2-fluoroethyl 4-isopropylphenyl 982. 2-fluoroethyl 4-sec-butylphenyl 983. 2-fluoroethyl 4-isobutylphenyl 984. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl 985. 2-fluoroethyl 4-vinylphenyl 986. 2-fluoroethyl 4-isopropenylphenyl 987. 2-fluoroethyl 4-fluorophenyl 988. 2-fluoroethyl 4-chlorophenyl 989. 2-fluoroethyl 4-bromophenyl 990. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 991. 2-fluoroethyl 3-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 992. 2-fluoroethyl 2-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 993. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 994. 2-fluoroethyl 3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 995. 2-fluoroethyl 2-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 996. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 997. 2-fluoroethyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 998. 2-fluoroethyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 999. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1000. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1001. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1002. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1003. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 1004. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 1005. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-phenyl 1006. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1007. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1008. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1009. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1010. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3,3-difluoropropyl)-phenyl 1011. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-phenyl 1012. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1013. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1014. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1015. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1016. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1017. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1018. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1019. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1020. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1021. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1022. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-fluoromethylethyl)-phenyl 1023. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-difluoromethyl-2,2-difluoroethyl)- phenyl 1024. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1025. 2-fluoroethyl 4-methoxyphenyl 1026. 2-fluoroethyl 4-ethoxyphenyl 1027. 2-fluoroethyl 4-propoxyphenyl 1028. 2-fluoroethyl 4-isopropoxyphenyl 1029. 2-fluoroethyl 4-butoxyphenyl 1030. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(fluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1031. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(difluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1032. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1033. 2-fluoroethyl 3-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1034. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1035. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1036. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1037. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1038. 2-fluoroethyl 4-cyclopropylphenyl 1039. 2-fluoroethyl 4-cyclobutylphenyl 1040. 2-fluoroethyl 4-cyclopentylphenyl 1041. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-phenyl 1042. 2-fluoroethyl 3,4-difluorophenyl 1043. 2-fluoroethyl 4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl 1044. 2-fluoroethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl 1045. 2-fluoroethyl 4-bromo-2,5-difluorophenyl 1046. 2-fluoroethyl 2-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 1047. 2-fluoroethyl 3-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 1048. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1049. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-phenyl 1050. 2-fluoroethyl 4-acetylphenyl 1051. 2-fluoroethyl 4-carboxyphenyl 1052. 2-fluoroethyl 4-cyanophenyl 1053. 2-fluoroethyl 4-hydroxyphenyl 1054. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(O-benzyl)-phenyl 1055. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-phenyl 1056. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(CH₂—N(CH₃)₂)-phenyl 1057. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(NH—CO—NH₂)-phenyl 1058. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(methylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1059. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(fluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1060. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(difluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1061. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1062. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(methylsulfonyl)-phenyl 1063. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(N-methoxy-N-methyl-amino)-phenyl 1064. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(methoxyamino)-phenyl 1065. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(ethoxyamino)-phenyl 1066. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(N-methylaminooxy)-phenyl 1067. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(N,N-dimethylaminooxy)-phenyl 1068. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(azetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1069. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1070. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1071. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1072. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1073. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1074. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1075. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1076. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1077. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1078. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1079. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1080. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1081. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1082. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1083. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1084. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1085. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1086. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1087. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1088. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2,2-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1089. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1090. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1091. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1092. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1093. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1094. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1095. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1096. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1097. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1098. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1099. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1100. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1101. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1102. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1103. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1104. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1105. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1106. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1107. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1108. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1109. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1110. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1111. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1112. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1113. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1114. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1115. 2-fluoroethyl 4-((R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1116. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 1117. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 1118. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(morpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1119. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1120. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-oxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1121. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1122. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrrol-1-yl)-phenyl 1123. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 1124. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 1125. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 1126. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 1127. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(furan-2-yl)-phenyl 1128. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(furan-3-yl)-phenyl 1129. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl 1130. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(thiophen-3-yl)-phenyl 1131. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(5-propylthien-2-yl)-phenyl 1132. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1133. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1134. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1135. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1136. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1137. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1138. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1139. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1140. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1141. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(oxazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1142. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(oxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1143. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(oxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1144. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(isoxazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1145. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(isoxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1146. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(isoxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1147. 2-fluoroethyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1148. 2-fluoroethyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1149. 2-fluoroethyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1150. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1151. 2-fluoroethyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1152. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1153. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1154. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1155. 2-fluoroethyl 4-([1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1156. 2-fluoroethyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1157. 2-fluoroethyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1158. 2-fluoroethyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1159. 2-fluoroethyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1160. 2-fluoroethyl 4-([1,2,3]-thiadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1161. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1162. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1163. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1164. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1165. 2-fluoroethyl 4-furazan-3-yl-phenyl 1166. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrid-2-yl)-phenyl 1167. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrid-3-yl)-phenyl 1168. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrid-4-yl)-phenyl 1169. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1170. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl 1171. 2-fluoroethyl 4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-phenyl 1172. 2-fluoroethyl 5-isopropylthiophen-2-yl 1173. 2-fluoroethyl 2-chlorothiophen-5-yl 1174. 2-fluoroethyl 2,5-dichlorothiophen-4-yl 1175. 2-fluoroethyl 2,3-dichlorothiophen-5-yl 1176. 2-fluoroethyl 2-chloro-3-nitrothiophen-5-yl 1177. 2-fluoroethyl 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-thiophen-5-yl 1178. 2-fluoroethyl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiophen-5-yl 1179. 2-fluoroethyl 2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)- thiophen-5-yl 1180. 2-fluoroethyl 2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-thiophen-5-yl 1181. 2-fluoroethyl 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 1182. 2-fluoroethyl 1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 1183. 2-fluoroethyl 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 1184. 2-fluoroethyl thiazol-2-yl 1185. 2-fluoroethyl 4-methylthiazol-2-yl 1186. 2-fluoroethyl 4-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 1187. 2-fluoroethyl 4-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 1188. 2-fluoroethyl 5-methylthiazol-2-yl 1189. 2-fluoroethyl 5-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 1190. 2-fluoroethyl 5-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 1191. 2-fluoroethyl 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl 1192. 2-fluoroethyl 2-acetamido-4-methylthiazol-5-yl 1193. 2-fluoroethyl 4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1194. 2-fluoroethyl 5-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1195. 2-fluoroethyl 4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1196. 2-fluoroethyl 5-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1197. 2-fluoroethyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1198. 2-fluoroethyl 4,5-dimethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1199. 2-fluoroethyl 5-isopropyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1200. 2-fluoroethyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol- 3-yl 1201. 2-fluoroethyl [1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1202. 2-fluoroethyl 5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1203. 2-fluoroethyl 5-isopropyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1204. 2-fluoroethyl 5-trifluoromethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1205. 2-fluoroethyl 3-bromo-2-chloropyrid-5-yl 1206. 2-fluoroethyl 2-(4-morpholino)-pyrid-5-yl 1207. 2-fluoroethyl 2-phenoxypyrid-5-yl 1208. 2-fluoroethyl (2-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-5-yl 1209. 2-fluoroethyl (5-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl 1210. 2-fluoroethyl 8-quinolyl 1211. 2-fluoroethyl 5-isoquinolyl 1212. 2-fluoroethyl 2-(trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl 1213. 2-fluoroethyl 5-chloro-3-methylbenzothiophen-2-yl 1214. 2-fluoroethyl 3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H- benzo[b][1,4]oxazinyl 1215. 2-fluoroethyl benzothiazol-6-yl 1216. 2-fluoroethyl benzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 1217. 2-fluoroethyl 5-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 1218. 2-fluoroethyl 7-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 1219. 2-fluoroethyl benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4-yl 1220. cyclopropylmethyl 4-methylphenyl 1221. cyclopropylmethyl 4-ethylphenyl 1222. cyclopropylmethyl 4-propylphenyl 1223. cyclopropylmethyl 4-isopropylphenyl 1224. cyclopropylmethyl 4-sec-butylphenyl 1225. cyclopropylmethyl 4-isobutylphenyl 1226. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl 1227. cyclopropylmethyl 4-vinylphenyl 1228. cyclopropylmethyl 4-isopropenylphenyl 1229. cyclopropylmethyl 4-fluorophenyl 1230. cyclopropylmethyl 4-chlorophenyl 1231. cyclopropylmethyl 4-bromophenyl 1232. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 1233. cyclopropylmethyl 3-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 1234. cyclopropylmethyl 2-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 1235. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 1236. cyclopropylmethyl 3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 1237. cyclopropylmethyl 2-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 1238. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 1239. cyclopropylmethyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 1240. cyclopropylmethyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 1241. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1242. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1243. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1244. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1245. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 1246. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 1247. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-phenyl 1248. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1249. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1250. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1251. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1252. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3,3-difluoropropyl)-phenyl 1253. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-phenyl 1254. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1255. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1256. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1257. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1258. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1259. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1260. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1261. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1262. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1263. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1264. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-fluoromethylethyl)-phenyl 1265. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-difluoromethyl-2,2-difluoroethyl)- phenyl 1266. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1267. cyclopropylmethyl 4-methoxyphenyl 1268. cyclopropylmethyl 4-ethoxyphenyl 1269. cyclopropylmethyl 4-propoxyphenyl 1270. cyclopropylmethyl 4-isopropoxyphenyl 1271. cyclopropylmethyl 4-butoxyphenyl 1272. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(fluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1273. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(difluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1274. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1275. cyclopropylmethyl 3-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1276. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1277. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1278. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1279. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1280. cyclopropylmethyl 4-cyclopropylphenyl 1281. cyclopropylmethyl 4-cyclobutylphenyl 1282. cyclopropylmethyl 4-cyclopentylphenyl 1283. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-phenyl 1284. cyclopropylmethyl 3,4-difluorophenyl 1285. cyclopropylmethyl 4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl 1286. cyclopropylmethyl 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl 1287. cyclopropylmethyl 4-bromo-2,5-difluorophenyl 1288. cyclopropylmethyl 2-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 1289. cyclopropylmethyl 3-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 1290. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1291. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-phenyl 1292. cyclopropylmethyl 4-acetylphenyl 1293. cyclopropylmethyl 4-carboxyphenyl 1294. cyclopropylmethyl 4-cyanophenyl 1295. cyclopropylmethyl 4-hydroxyphenyl 1296. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(O-benzyl)-phenyl 1297. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-phenyl 1298. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(CH₂—N(CH₃)₂)-phenyl 1299. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(NH—CO—NH₂)-phenyl 1300. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(methylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1301. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(fluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1302. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(difluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1303. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1304. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(methylsulfonyl)-phenyl 1305. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(N-methoxy-N-methyl-amino)-phenyl 1306. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(methoxyamino)-phenyl 1307. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(ethoxyamino)-phenyl 1308. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(N-methylaminooxy)-phenyl 1309. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(N,N-dimethylaminooxy)-phenyl 1310. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(azetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1311. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1312. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1313. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1314. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1315. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1316. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1317. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1318. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1319. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1320. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1321. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1322. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1323. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1324. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1325. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1326. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1327. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1328. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1329. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1330. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2,2-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1331. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1332. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1333. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1334. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1335. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1336. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1337. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1338. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1339. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1340. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1341. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1342. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1343. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1344. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1345. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1346. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1347. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1348. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1349. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1350. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1351. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1352. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1353. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1354. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1355. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1356. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1357. cyclopropylmethyl 4-((R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1358. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 1359. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 1360. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(morpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1361. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1362. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-oxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1363. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1364. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrrol-1-yl)-phenyl 1365. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 1366. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 1367. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 1368. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 1369. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(furan-2-yl)-phenyl 1370. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(furan-3-yl)-phenyl 1371. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl 1372. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(thiophen-3-yl)-phenyl 1373. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(5-propylthien-2-yl)-phenyl 1374. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1375. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1376. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1377. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1378. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1379. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1380. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1381. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1382. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1383. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(oxazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1384. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(oxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1385. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(oxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1386. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(isoxazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1387. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(isoxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1388. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(isoxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1389. cyclopropylmethyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1390. cyclopropylmethyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1391. cyclopropylmethyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1392. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1393. cyclopropylmethyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1394. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1395. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1396. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1397. cyclopropylmethyl 4-([1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1398. cyclopropylmethyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1399. cyclopropylmethyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1400. cyclopropylmethyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1401. cyclopropylmethyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1402. cyclopropylmethyl 4-([1,2,3]-thiadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1403. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1404. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1405. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1406. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1407. cyclopropylmethyl 4-furazan-3-yl-phenyl 1408. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrid-2-yl)-phenyl 1409. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrid-3-yl)-phenyl 1410. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrid-4-yl)-phenyl 1411. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1412. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl 1413. cyclopropylmethyl 4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-phenyl 1414. cyclopropylmethyl 5-isopropylthiophen-2-yl 1415. cyclopropylmethyl 2-chlorothiophen-5-yl 1416. cyclopropylmethyl 2,5-dichlorothiophen-4-yl 1417. cyclopropylmethyl 2,3-dichlorothiophen-5-yl 1418. cyclopropylmethyl 2-chloro-3-nitrothiophen-5-yl 1419. cyclopropylmethyl 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-thiophen-5-yl 1420. cyclopropylmethyl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiophen-5-yl 1421. cyclopropylmethyl 2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)- thiophen-5-yl 1422. cyclopropylmethyl 2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-thiophen-5-yl 1423. cyclopropylmethyl 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 1424. cyclopropylmethyl 1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 1425. cyclopropylmethyl 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 1426. cyclopropylmethyl thiazol-2-yl 1427. cyclopropylmethyl 4-methylthiazol-2-yl 1428. cyclopropylmethyl 4-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 1429. cyclopropylmethyl 4-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 1430. cyclopropylmethyl 5-methylthiazol-2-yl 1431. cyclopropylmethyl 5-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 1432. cyclopropylmethyl 5-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 1433. cyclopropylmethyl 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl 1434. cyclopropylmethyl 2-acetamido-4-methylthiazol-5-yl 1435. cyclopropylmethyl 4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1436. cyclopropylmethyl 5-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1437. cyclopropylmethyl 4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1438. cyclopropylmethyl 5-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1439. cyclopropylmethyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1440. cyclopropylmethyl 4,5-dimethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1441. cyclopropylmethyl 5-isopropyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1442. cyclopropylmethyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol- 3-yl 1443. cyclopropylmethyl [1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1444. cyclopropylmethyl 5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1445. cyclopropylmethyl 5-isopropyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1446. cyclopropylmethyl 5-trifluoromethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1447. cyclopropylmethyl 3-bromo-2-chloropyrid-5-yl 1448. cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-morpholino)-pyrid-5-yl 1449. cyclopropylmethyl 2-phenoxypyrid-5-yl 1450. cyclopropylmethyl (2-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-5-yl 1451. cyclopropylmethyl (5-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl 1452. cyclopropylmethyl 8-quinolyl 1453. cyclopropylmethyl 5-isoquinolyl 1454. cyclopropylmethyl 2-(trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl 1455. cyclopropylmethyl 5-chloro-3-methylbenzothiophen-2-yl 1456. cyclopropylmethyl 3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H- benzo[b][1,4]oxazinyl 1457. cyclopropylmethyl benzothiazol-6-yl 1458. cyclopropylmethyl benzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 1459. cyclopropylmethyl 5-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 1460. cyclopropylmethyl 7-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 1461. cyclopropylmethyl benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4-yl 1462. allyl 4-methylphenyl 1463. allyl 4-ethylphenyl 1464. allyl 4-propylphenyl 1465. allyl 4-isopropylphenyl 1466. allyl 4-sec-butylphenyl 1467. allyl 4-isobutylphenyl 1468. allyl 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl 1469. allyl 4-vinylphenyl 1470. allyl 4-isopropenylphenyl 1471. allyl 4-fluorophenyl 1472. allyl 4-chlorophenyl 1473. allyl 4-bromophenyl 1474. allyl 4-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 1475. allyl 3-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 1476. allyl 2-(fluoromethyl)phenyl 1477. allyl 4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 1478. allyl 3-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 1479. allyl 2-(difluoromethyl)phenyl 1480. allyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 1481. allyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 1482. allyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 1483. allyl 4-(1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1484. allyl 4-((S)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1485. allyl 4-((R)-1-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1486. allyl 4-(2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1487. allyl 4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 1488. allyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-phenyl 1489. allyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-phenyl 1490. allyl 4-(3-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1491. allyl 4-(2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1492. allyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1493. allyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropropyl)-phenyl 1494. allyl 4-(3,3-difluoropropyl)-phenyl 1495. allyl 4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-phenyl 1496. allyl 4-(1-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1497. allyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1498. allyl 4-((S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1499. allyl 4-((R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1500. allyl 4-(2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1501. allyl 4-((S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1502. allyl 4-((R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1503. allyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1504. allyl 4-((S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1505. allyl 4-((R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1506. allyl 4-(2-fluoro-1-fluoromethylethyl)-phenyl 1507. allyl 4-(1-difluoromethyl-2,2-difluoroethyl)- phenyl 1508. allyl 4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-fluoroethyl)-phenyl 1509. allyl 4-methoxyphenyl 1510. allyl 4-ethoxyphenyl 1511. allyl 4-propoxyphenyl 1512. allyl 4-isopropoxyphenyl 1513. allyl 4-butoxyphenyl 1514. allyl 4-(fluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1515. allyl 4-(difluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1516. allyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1517. allyl 3-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl 1518. allyl 4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1519. allyl 4-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1520. allyl 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1521. allyl 4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl 1522. allyl 4-cyclopropylphenyl 1523. allyl 4-cyclobutylphenyl 1524. allyl 4-cyclopentylphenyl 1525. allyl 4-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-phenyl 1526. allyl 3,4-difluorophenyl 1527. allyl 4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl 1528. allyl 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl 1529. allyl 4-bromo-2,5-difluorophenyl 1530. allyl 2-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 1531. allyl 3-fluoro-4-isopropylphenyl 1532. allyl 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-phenyl 1533. allyl 4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-phenyl 1534. allyl 4-acetylphenyl 1535. allyl 4-carboxyphenyl 1536. allyl 4-cyanophenyl 1537. allyl 4-hydroxyphenyl 1538. allyl 4-(O-benzyl)-phenyl 1539. allyl 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-phenyl 1540. allyl 4-(CH₂—N(CH₃)₂)-phenyl 1541. allyl 4-(NH—CO—NH₂)-phenyl 1542. allyl 4-(methylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1543. allyl 4-(fluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1544. allyl 4-(difluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1545. allyl 4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-phenyl 1546. allyl 4-(methylsulfonyl)-phenyl 1547. allyl 4-(N-methoxy-N-methyl-amino)-phenyl 1548. allyl 4-(methoxyamino)-phenyl 1549. allyl 4-(ethoxyamino)-phenyl 1550. allyl 4-(N-methylaminooxy)-phenyl 1551. allyl 4-(N,N-dimethylaminooxy)-phenyl 1552. allyl 4-(azetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1553. allyl 4-(2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1554. allyl 4-((S)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1555. allyl 4-((R)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1556. allyl 4-(3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1557. allyl 4-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1558. allyl 4-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1559. allyl 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1560. allyl 4-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1561. allyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1562. allyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1563. allyl 4-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1564. allyl 4-((S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1565. allyl 4-((R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1566. allyl 4-(2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1567. allyl 4-((S)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1568. allyl 4-((R)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1569. allyl 4-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1570. allyl 4-((S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1571. allyl 4-((R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1572. allyl 4-(2,2-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1573. allyl 4-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1574. allyl 4-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1575. allyl 4-((S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1576. allyl 4-((R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1577. allyl 4-(3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1578. allyl 4-((S)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1579. allyl 4-((R)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1580. allyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1581. allyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1582. allyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1583. allyl 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1584. allyl 4-((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1585. allyl 4-((R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1586. allyl 4-(2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1587. allyl 4-(3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1588. allyl 4-(2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1589. allyl 4-((S)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1590. allyl 4-((R)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1591. allyl 4-(3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1592. allyl 4-((S)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1593. allyl 4-((R)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)- phenyl 1594. allyl 4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1595. allyl 4-(2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl)-phenyl 1596. allyl 4-(piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1597. allyl 4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1598. allyl 4-((S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1599. allyl 4-((R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-phenyl 1600. allyl 4-(piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 1601. allyl 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl 1602. allyl 4-(morpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1603. allyl 4-(thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1604. allyl 4-(1-oxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1605. allyl 4-(1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-phenyl 1606. allyl 4-(pyrrol-1-yl)-phenyl 1607. allyl 4-(pyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 1608. allyl 4-(pyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 1609. allyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-phenyl 1610. allyl 4-(1-methylpyrrol-3-yl)-phenyl 1611. allyl 4-(furan-2-yl)-phenyl 1612. allyl 4-(furan-3-yl)-phenyl 1613. allyl 4-(thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl 1614. allyl 4-(thiophen-3-yl)-phenyl 1615. allyl 4-(5-propylthien-2-yl)-phenyl 1616. allyl 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1617. allyl 4-(pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1618. allyl 4-(pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1619. allyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1620. allyl 4-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1621. allyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1622. allyl 4-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1623. allyl 4-(imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1624. allyl 4-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1625. allyl 4-(oxazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1626. allyl 4-(oxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1627. allyl 4-(oxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1628. allyl 4-(isoxazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1629. allyl 4-(isoxazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1630. allyl 4-(isoxazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1631. allyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1632. allyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1633. allyl 4-([1,2,3]-triazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1634. allyl 4-(4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1635. allyl 4-([1,2,4]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1636. allyl 4-(2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1637. allyl 4-(4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1638. allyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-[1,2,3]-triazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1639. allyl 4-([1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenyl 1640. allyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-3-yl)-phenyl 1641. allyl 4-([1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1642. allyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1643. allyl 4-([1,2,3]-oxadiazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1644. allyl 4-([1,2,3]-thiadiazol-4-yl)-phenyl 1645. allyl 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1646. allyl 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-phenyl 1647. allyl 4-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1648. allyl 4-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl 1649. allyl 4-furazan-3-yl-phenyl 1650. allyl 4-(pyrid-2-yl)-phenyl 1651. allyl 4-(pyrid-3-yl)-phenyl 1652. allyl 4-(pyrid-4-yl)-phenyl 1653. allyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-phenyl 1654. allyl 4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl 1655. allyl 4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-phenyl 1656. allyl 5-isopropylthiophen-2-yl 1657. allyl 2-chlorothiophen-5-yl 1658. allyl 2,5-dichlorothiophen-4-yl 1659. allyl 2,3-dichlorothiophen-5-yl 1660. allyl 2-chloro-3-nitrothiophen-5-yl 1661. allyl 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-thiophen-5-yl 1662. allyl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiophen-5-yl 1663. allyl 2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-3-yl)- thiophen-5-yl 1664. allyl 2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-thiophen-5-yl 1665. allyl 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 1666. allyl 1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl 1667. allyl 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 1668. allyl thiazol-2-yl 1669. allyl 4-methylthiazol-2-yl 1670. allyl 4-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 1671. allyl 4-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 1672. allyl 5-methylthiazol-2-yl 1673. allyl 5-isopropylthiazol-2-yl 1674. allyl 5-trifluoromethylthiazol-2-yl 1675. allyl 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl 1676. allyl 2-acetamido-4-methylthiazol-5-yl 1677. allyl 4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1678. allyl 5-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1679. allyl 4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1680. allyl 5-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1681. allyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1682. allyl 4,5-dimethyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1683. allyl 5-isopropyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1684. allyl 5-trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol- 3-yl 1685. allyl [1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1686. allyl 5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1687. allyl 5-isopropyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1688. allyl 5-trifluoromethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl 1689. allyl 3-bromo-2-chloropyrid-5-yl 1690. allyl 2-(4-morpholino)-pyrid-5-yl 1691. allyl 2-phenoxypyrid-5-yl 1692. allyl (2-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-5-yl 1693. allyl (5-isopropyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl 1694. allyl 8-quinolyl 1695. allyl 5-isoquinolyl 1696. allyl 2-(trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl 1697. allyl 5-chloro-3-methylbenzothiophen-2-yl 1698. allyl 3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H- benzo[b][1,4]oxazinyl 1699. allyl benzothiazol-6-yl 1700. allyl benzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 1701. allyl 5-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 1702. allyl 7-chlorobenzo[2,1,3]oxadiazol-4-yl 1703. allyl benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4-yl 1704. allyl 6-chloroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl

The compounds of the formula I where E is NH and R^(1a) is hydrogen can be prepared by analogy to methods which are well known in the art, e.g. from the international patent applications cited in the introductory part. A preferred method for the preparation of compounds I is outlined in scheme 1:

In scheme 1, R¹, R², R^(2a), X and Ar have the meanings as given above. PG is an amino-protecting group such as tert.-butoxycarbonyl. Suitable protecting groups are disclosed, for example, in P. Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, Chapter 6.

In step a) the protected nitrophenethylamine II is reduced by conventional means into the corresponding amino compound III. The required reaction conditions correspond to the customary conditions for reducing aromatic nitro groups which have been described extensively in the literature (see, for example, J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed., J. Wiley & Sons, New-York, 1985, p. 1183 and the literature cited in this reference). The reduction is achieved, for example, by reacting the nitro compound VII with a metal such as iron, zinc or tin under acidic reaction conditions, i.e. using nascent hydrogen, or using a complex hydride such as lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride, preferably in the presence of transition metal compounds of nickel or cobalt such as NiCl₂(P(phenyl)₃)₂, or CoCl₂, (see Ono et al. Chem. Ind. (London), 1983 p. 480), or using NaBH₂S₃ (see Lalancette et al. Can. J. Chem. 49, 1971, p. 2990), with it being possible to carry out these reductions, depending on the given reagent, in substance or in a solvent or diluent. Alternatively, the reduction of II to III can be carried out with hydrogen in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, e.g. using hydrogen in the presence of catalysts based on platinum, palladium, nickel, ruthenium or rhodium. The catalysts can contain the transition metal in elemental form or in the form of a complex compound, of a salt or of an oxide of the transition metal, with it being possible, for the purpose of modifying the activity, to use customary coligands, e.g. organic phosphine compounds, such as triphenylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine or tri-n-butylphosphines or phosphites. The catalyst is customarily employed in quantities of from 0.001 to 1 mol per mol of compound II, calculated as catalyst metal. In a preferred variant, the reduction is effected using tin(II) chloride in analogy with the methods described in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2002. 12(15), pp. 1917-1919 and J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45(21), pp. 4679-4688. The reaction of II with tin(II) chloride is preferably carried out in an inert organic solvent, preferably an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or butanol.

The thus obtained compound III is reacted with an arylchlorosulfonylchloride Cl—SO₂—Ar, preferably in the presence of a base, according to standard procedures in the art to obtain compound IV. The reaction depicted in scheme 1 step b) takes place under the reaction conditions which are customary for preparing arylsulfonamide compounds or arylsulfonic esters, respectively, and which are described, for example, in J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3^(rd) edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 1985 p 444 and the literature cited therein, European J. Org. Chem. 2002 (13), pp. 2094-2108, Tetrahedron 2001, 57 (27) pp. 5885-5895, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2006, 10(8), pp. 835-838 and Synthesis 2000 (1), pp. 103-108. The reaction customarily takes place in an inert solvent, for example in an ether, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether; methyl tert-butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, a halohydrocarbon, such as dichloromethane, an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, such as pentane, hexane or cyclohexane, or an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, xylene, cumene and the like, or in a mixture of the abovementioned solvents. The reaction of III with Cl—SO₂—Ar is customarily carried out in the presence of an auxiliary base. Suitable bases are inorganic bases, such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, or sodium hydrogencarbonate or potassium hydrogencarbonate, and organic bases, for example trialkylamines, such as triethylamine, or pyridine compounds, such as pyridine, lutidine and the like. The latter compounds can at the same time serve as solvents. The auxiliary base is customarily employed in at least equimolar quantities, based on the amine compound III.

The thus obtained compound can be alkylated or acylated in step c with a compound R¹-L, wherein R₁ has the meanings given above and L is a leaving group that can be replaced by the nucleophilic amino group. Leaving groups L comprise e.g. halogen, trifluoroacetate, arylsulfonyloxy such as tosylate, phenylsulfonyloxy, C₁-C₄-alkylsulfonyloxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, C₁-C₄-alkoxysulfonyloxy, etc. The reaction conditions which are required for the alkylation have been adequately disclosed, e.g. in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Lett. 2002, 12(7), pp. 2443-2446 and also 2002, 12(5), pp. 1917-1919.

In step d′) the protecting group PG is cleaved by conventional means (see e.g. P. Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, Chapter 6) thereby obtaining a compound I, wherein R^(1a) is hydrogen. This compound can be further reacted by alkylation or acylation with R^(1a)-L, wherein L has the meanings given above and R^(1a) is as defined above but different from hydrogen.

It is also possible to first cleave the protecting group in IV (step d), thereby obtaining the compound VI and then to introduce the radical R¹ and optionally R^(1a) (step e). The introduction of the radical R¹ into compound VI can also be achieved, in the sense of a reductive amination, by reacting VI with a suitable ketone or aldehyde in the presence of a reducing agent, e.g. in the presence of a borohydride such as sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. The skilled person is familiar with the reaction conditions which are required for a reductive amination, e.g. from Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Lett. 2002, 12(5), pp. 795-798 and 12(7) pp. 1269-1273. The introduction of the radical R¹ into compound VI can also be achieved by reacting VI with a suitable acyl halide to obtain a compound of the formula I wherein R¹ is C₁-C₃-alkylcarbonyl. The carbonyl group in these compounds can be reduced with diborane to obtain compounds of the general formula I, wherein R is C₂-C₄-alkyl. The carbonyl group can also be reacted with a fluorinating agent to obtain a compound I wherein R¹ is 1,1-difluoroalkyl. Acylation and reduction can be achieved by standard methods, which are discussed in J. March. Advanced Organic Chemistry. 3rd ed. J. Wiley & Sons, New York 1985, p. 370 and 373 (acylation) and p. 1099 f. and in the literature cited in this publication (with regard to acylation, see also Synth. Commun. 1986, 16, p. 267, and with regard to reduction, see also J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1979, 16, p. 1525).

The starting materials of the formula II can be simply obtained from commercially available phenethylamines by selectively protecting the aliphatic amino group of these compounds according to standard methods (see e.g. P. Kocienskl, Protecting Groups, loc. cit.).

A skilled person will also appreciate that the reactions of step b) and c) as well as steps b) and d) can be exchanged, e.g. by performing the reaction of step c) first and then the reaction of step b).

A skilled person will also appreciate that compounds of the formula I with E=N—R³, wherein R³ is different from hydrogen, can be obtained by selective alkylation of the sulfonamide group in the compounds of the formulae V, VI or I.

If R¹ or R^(1a) in compound I is (are) allyl the allyl group(s) can be cleaved to obtain a compound I′ or I″ wherein R is hydrogen. The cleavage of the allyl group is achieved, for example, by reacting I [R¹=allyi] with an allyl trapping agent, such as mercaptobenzoic acid or 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, in the presence of catalytic quantities of palladium (0) compounds or palladium compounds which are able to form a palladium(O) compound under reaction conditions, e.g. palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O) or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(O), advantageously in combination with phosphine ligands, e.g. triarylphosphines, such as triphenylphosphine, trialkylphosphines, such as tributylphosphine, and cycloalkylphosphines, such as tricyclohexylphosphine, and especially with phosphine chelate ligands, such as 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl or 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, using methods known from the literature (with regard to eliminating N-allyl in the presence of mercaptobenzoic acid, see WO 94/24088; with regard to eliminating in the presence of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, see J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123 (28), pp. 6801-6808 and J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67(11) pp. 3718-3723). Alternatively, the cleavage of N-allyl can also be effected by reacting in the presence of rhodium compounds, such as tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I), using methods known from the literature (see J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Transaction I: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry 1999 (21) pp. 3089-3104 and Tetrahedron Asymmetry 1997, 8(20), pp. 3387-3391). If R¹ or R^(1a) in compound I is (are) allyl the allyl group can be also converted into a n-propyl group by hydrogenation in the presence of Pd—C as a catalyst.

Compounds of the formula I, wherein R^(1a) and R² or R^(1a) and R^(2a) together are (CH₂)_(n) with n being 2, 3 or 4 can be prepared in a manner similar to the method outlined in scheme 1 starting from a compound of the formula VII, by the method outlined in scheme 2 (showing the sequence for R^(1a) and R² together are (CH₂)_(n)).

In scheme 2, R¹, R^(2a), n and Ar have the meanings given above.

The reaction depicted in step a) in scheme 2 takes place under the reaction conditions which are customary for a nitration of an aromatic radical and which are described, for example, in J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York 1985, pp 468-470 and the literature cited therein). In step b), the nitro group in VIII is reduced to the NH₂ group according to the method of step b) in scheme 1. Step c) in scheme 2 corresponds to step b) in scheme 1, which can be performed in analogous manner. Thereby a compound of the general formula VIII is obtained.

The radical R in the thus obtained compounds VIII can be transformed into other radicals by the methods outlined in connection with scheme 1.

Compounds of the formula VII are known in the art or can be prepared according to standard procedures.

Compounds of the formula I, where R^(2a) is H, X is N and E is NH can be also obtained by the synthetic approach outlined in scheme 3. In scheme 3, R² and Ar have the meanings given above.

step a: K₂CO₃ in tetrahydrofuran step b: p-toluene sulfonic acid, toluene step c: reduction (see step a of scheme 1) step d: reaction with Ar—SO₂—C1 (see step b of scheme 1) step e: reduction, e.g. by H₂/Raney nickel, NH₃

The obtained compound VI can be further reacted as outlined in scheme 1 to obtain compound I.

The compounds of the formula I where E is CH₂ as outlined in schemes 4a and 4b:

In schemes 4a and 4b, X, R^(1a), R², R^(2a), and Ar have the meanings given above. R^(1′) is a radical R¹ that is different from hydrogen, formyl or alkylcarbonyl. Hal is halogen, in particular bromine.

According to scheme 4a, the carboxyl group in compound X is transformed into the carboxamide group by standard methods, e.g. by successively reacting compound X with thionyl chloride and then with aqueous ammonia. The amide XI is then reacted in step b) with a mercapto compound HS—Ar in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydride or sodium alkoxide or with an alkali metal salt of HS—Ar, thereby yielding thioether compound. The thioether moiety is oxidized to a sulfone moiety. e.g. by oxone to obtain compound XII. Compound XII can be either reduced, e.g. by BH₃-Dimethylsulfide, to obtain compound XIII with R2=R2a=H, or reacted with a suitable organometal compound or successively with a reducing agent and an organometal compound to obtain a compound XIII, where R² and/or R^(2a) is (are) different from hydrogen. Compound XIII can be further converted into compound I as outlined for scheme 1.

According to scheme 4b, compound X is reacted in step a) with a mercapto compound HS—Ar in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydride or sodium alkoxide or with an alkali metal salt of HS—Ar, thereby yielding thioether compound. The thioether moiety is oxidized to a sulfone moiety, e.g. by oxone to obtain compound XIV. Compound XIV is reacted in step b) with an amine R^(1′)R′aNH in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as cyclohexylcarbodiimide (CDI). Compound XV can be either reduced, e.g. by BH₃-dimethylsulfide, to obtain compound I′ with R²=R^(2a)=H, or reacted with a suitable organometal compound or successively with a reducing agent and an organometal compound to obtain a compound I′, where R² and/or R^(2a) is (are) different from hydrogen. Compound I′ can be further converted into other compounds I as outlined for scheme 1.

If not indicated otherwise, the above-described reactions are generally carried out in a solvent at temperatures between room temperature and the boiling temperature of the solvent employed. Alternatively, the activation energy which is required for the reaction can be introduced into the reaction mixture using microwaves, something which has proved to be of value, in particular, in the case of the reactions catalyzed by transition metals (with regard to reactions using microwaves, see Tetrahedron 2001, 57, p. 9199 ff. p. 9225 ff. and also, in a general manner, “Microwaves in Organic Synthesis”, André Loupy (Ed.), Wiley-VCH 2002.

The sulfonylchlorides Cl—SO₂—Ar are either commercially available or can be prepared according to standard synthetic methods. Sulfonylchlorides containing a fluorinated radical R₈ may be prepared by different synthetic routes, e.g. by reacting suitable hydroxy or oxo precursor (e.g. a compound Cl—SO₂—Ar, carrieng a hydroxy or oxo substituted radical) with fluorinating reagents like DAST (diethylaminosulfurtrifluoride), morpholine-DAST, deoxo-fluor (bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride), Ishikawa's reagent (N,N-diethyl-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl)amine; Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 1989, 43, 371-377). More conventionally, the hydroxy group of an aromatic compound which carries hydroxy substituted radical but not a chlorosulfonyl group, is transformed into a leaving group which is then replaced by a fluoride ion (J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 2898-22901; Tetrahedron Letters, 1998, 7305-6; J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 9587-9589, Synthesis, 1987, 920-21)). Subsequent direct chlorosulfonylation with chlorosulfonic acid (Heterocycles, 2001, 55, 9, 1789-1803; J. Org. Chem., 2000, 65, 1399-1406) or a two step process preparing first the sulfonic acid derivatives which are then transformed to the sulfonylchlorides with e.g. chlorosulfonic acid, phosphorus pentachloride (Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2002, 36, 809-828) and the like, yields the desired sulfonylchloride (Tetrahedron letters, 1991, 33, 50 7787-7788)) Sulfonylchlorides may also be prepared by diazotation of suitable amine precursor Ar—NH₂ with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions and reaction with sulfur dioxide in acetic acid (scheme (iii); J. Org. Chem., 1960, 25, 1824-26); by oxidation of suitable heteroaryl-thiols HS—Ar or heteroaryl-benzyl-thioethers C₆H₅—CH₂—S—Ar with chlorine (Synthesis, 1998, 36-38; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 74, 4890-92); directly to the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides. The further are known in the art or may be prepared by standard methods. E.g. mercapte-pyrimidines or pyrimidinyl-benzylthioether precursors can e.g. be prepared according to literature (Chemische Berichte, 1960, 1208-11; Chemische Berichte. 1960, 95, 230-235; Collection Czechoslow. Chem. Comm., 1959, 24, 1667-1671; Austr. J. Chem., 1966, 19, 2321-30; Chemiker-Zeitung, 101, 6, 1977, 305-7; Tetrahedron, 2002, 58, 887-890; Synthesis, 1983, 641-645.

The aminocompounds of the formulae III or IX may also be prepared from the corresponding halogen compound XVI or XVII according to the method as described in scheme 5:

In scheme 5, R¹, R², R^(2a), n and X are as defined above. Hal is halogen, in particular bromine, and PG is a protecting group. The reaction can be performed by reacting XVI or XVII, respectively, with an alkalimetal salt of a bis(trialkylsilyl)amine such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in the presence of a palladium catalyst and subsequent hydrolysis. An example for a suitable palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)-idipalladium(0), optionally in the presence of a tri(substituted)phosphine, e.g. a triaryl-iphosphine such as triphenylphosphine or tritolylphosphine, tri(cyclo)alkylphosphine such as tris-n-butylphosphine, tris(tert.-butyl)phosphine or tris(cyclohexylphosphine), or PdCl₂(dppf). The reaction of VIIa with the alkalimetal-bis(trialkylsilyl)amide can be performed by analogy to a, Buchwald-Hartig coupling. The alkalimetal-bis(trialkylsilyl)amide can be generated in-situ from the corresponding amine by a strong base such an alkalimetal alkoxide, e.g. potassium tert.-butylat or an alkali metal hydride such as lithium hydride, sodium hydride and the like. Hydrolysis is simply achieved by aqueous work-up.

Compounds of the formulae XVI or XVII may also serve as a starting material in the synthetic route depicted in scheme 6.

In scheme 6, R¹, R², R^(2a), n, Ar and X are as defined above. Hal is halogen, in particular bromine, and PG is a protecting group. According to scheme 6, a compound of the formulae XVI or VXVII is reacted with an arylsulfonylamide Ar—SO²—NH² or the lithium salt thereof in the presence of a palladium(O) compound such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(O) in the presence of a tri(substituted)phosphine, e.g. a triarylphosphlne such as triphenylphosphine or tritolylphosphine, tri(cyclo)alkylphosphine such as tris-n-butylphosphine, tris(tert.-butyl)phosphine or tris(cyclohexylphosphlne), preferably in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride according to the method described in J. Org. Chem., 68 (2993) pp 8274-8276, and outlined below.

A skilled person will readily appreciate that compounds of the formula I can also be obtained from structurally similar compounds by functional group interconversion. In particular N-bound radicals R^(a) can be introduced into compounds of the formula I by reacting the corresponding halogen compound, i.e. a compound of the formula I, which instead of R⁸ carries a halogen atom, in particular a bromine or iodine atom, with a primary or secondary amine in the presence of a base, preferably also in the presence of a palladium catalyst in terms of a Buchwald-Hartwig reaction.

In the following schemes 7 to 9 several routes are shown which are suitable to prepare benzenesulfonyl chlorides carrying a fluorinated propyl radical.

The 4-(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride intermediate can be prepared from the commercially available 2-phenylpropanoic acid. In the first step a) the 2-pheoylpropanic acid is converted to the alkyl ester by esterification with an alcohol (e.g. methanol or ethanol) under acid catalysis (e.g. HCl, SO₂Cl₂). The ester can be reduced to the corresponding 2-phenyl propanal by a reducing agent such as DIBAL (diisobutylaluminium hydride). The aldehyde is converted to the 1,1-difluoro-2-propyl derivative by reaction with a suitable fluorinating reagent like DAST (diethylaminosulfurtrifluoride), morpholine-DAST, deoxo-fluor (bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride), Ishikawa's reagent (N,N-diethyl-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl)amine; Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 1989, 43. 371-377) (step b). The thus obtained 1,1-difluoro-2-phenylpropane can be converted into 4-(1.1-difluoro-2-propyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride by either direct chlorosulfonylation with chlorosulfonic acid (Heterocycles, 2001, 55, 9, 1789-1803; J. Org. Chem., 2000, 65, 1399-1406) (step c) or by a two step process preparing first the sulfonic acid derivatives (step d) which are then transformed to the sulfonylchlorides (step e) by reaction with e.g. chlorosulfonic acid, phosphorous pentachloride (Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2002, 36, 809-828); through diazotisation of suitable amine precursors with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions and reaction with sulfur dioxide In acetic acid (J. Org. Chem., 1960, 25, 1824-26); oxidation of suitable heteroaryl-thiols or heteroaryl-benzyl-thioethers with chlorine (Synthesis, 1998, 36-38; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 74, 4890-92) directly to the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides.

The synthesis shown in scheme 7 can also be performed using (R)-2-phenylpropanic acid and (S)-2-phenylpropanic acid respectively to give the corresponding chiral 4-(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chlorides.

4-(1,1,1-Trifluoropropan-2-yl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride intermediate can be prepared from the commercially available 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethanone by a synthetic route shown in scheme 6. The ketone can be converted to the 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-phenylpropene by a Wittig reaction with a suitable ylide such as methylenetriphenylphosphane (prepared by reaction of methyltriphenylphosphonium halide and a suitable base such as lithium diisopropylamide or potassium tert-butoxide) or according to a Horner-Emmons reaction by reacting the ketone with a suitable phosphonate such as diethyl methylphosphonate and a suitable suitable base such as lithium diisopropylamide or potassium tert-butoxide. The thus obtained 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-phenylpropene can then be reduced to the saturated alkane by catalytic hydrogenation (eg Pd—C) followed by conversion to the sulfonyl chloride by the methods described in scheme 5.

The synthesis of scheme 8 can also be performed using a chiral catalyst for the alkene hydrogenation to allow the preparation of the corresponding chiral 4-(1,1,1-triifluoropropan-2-yl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chlorides.

The 4-(1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride can be also prepared from the commercially available 1-phenyl-ethanone by a four step procedure as shown in scheme 9. The ketone can be converted to the trifluoromethyl hydroxyl intermediate by reaction with trimethyl-trifluoromethyl-silane (Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2000, 65, 8848-8856; Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2003, 122, 243-246) which can then be converted to the trifluoromethyl bromide (Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1987, 109, 2435-4). Dehalogenation by catalytic hydrogenation (eg Pd—C) can then be followed by conversion to the sulfonyl chloride by the methods discussed above.

Examples of solvents which can be used are ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, aprotic polar solvent, such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethoxyethane, and acetonitrile, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene and xylene, ketones, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, halohydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane, trichlorornemane and dichloroethane, esters, such as ethyl acetate and methyl butyrate, carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid or propionic acid, and alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-butanol and tert.-butanol.

If desired, it is possible for a base to be present in order to neutralize protons which are released in the reactions. Suitable bases include inorganic bases, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate, and, in addition, alkoxides, such as sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide, alkali metal hydrides, such as sodium hydride, and also organometallic compounds, such as butyllithium compounds or alkyl magnesium compounds, or organic nitrogen bases, such as triethylamine or pyridine. The latter compounds can at the same time serve as solvents.

The crude product is isolated in a customary manner, for example by filtering, distilling off the solvent or extracting from the reaction mixture, etc. The resulting compounds can be purified in a customary manner, for example by means of recrystallizing from a solvent, by means of chromatography or by means of converting into an acid addition salt.

The acid addition salts are prepared in a customary manner by mixing the free base with a corresponding acid, where appropriate in solution in an organic solvent, for example a lower alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol or propanol, an ether, such as methyl tert-butyl ether or diisopropyl ether, a ketone, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, or an ester, such as ethyl acetate.

The compounds according to the invention of the formula I are surprisingly highly selective dopamine D₃ receptor ligands which, because of their low affinity for other receptors such as D₁ receptors, D₄ receptors, a1-adrenergic and/or a2-adrenergic receptors; muscarinergic receptors, histamine receptors, opiate receptors and, in particular, dopamine D₂ receptors, give rise to fewer side-effects than do the classic neuroleptics, which are D₂ receptor antagonists. A compound of the invention can be a dopamine D₃ receptor agonist, including partial agonistic activity, or a dopamine D₃ receptor antagonist, including partial antagonistic activity.

The high affinity of the compounds according to the invention for D₃ receptors is reflected in very low in-vitro receptor binding constants (K₁(D₃) values) of as a rule less than 50 nM (nmol/l), preferably of less than 10 nM and, in particular of less than 5 nM.

The displacement of [¹²⁵I]-iodosulpride can, for example, be used in receptor binding studies for determining binding affinities for D₃ receptors.

The selectivity of the compounds according to the invention, i.e. the ratio K₁(D₂)/K₁(D₃) of the receptor binding constants, is as a rule at least 50, preferably at least 100, even better at least 150. The displacement of [³H]SCH23390, [¹²⁵I] iodosulpride or [¹²⁵I] spiperone can be used, for example, for carrying out receptor binding studies on D₁, D₂ and D₄ receptors.

Because of their binding profile, the compounds can be used for treating diseases which respond to dopamine D₃ receptor ligands (or which are susceptible to treatment with a dopamine D₃ receptor ligand, respectively), i.e. they are effective for treating those medical disorders or diseases in which exerting an influence on (modulating) the dopamine D₃ receptors leads to an improvement in the clinical picture or to the disease being cured. Examples of these diseases are disorders or diseases of the central nervous system.

Disorders or diseases of the central nervous system are understood as meaning disorders which affect the spinal chord and, in particular, the brain. Within the meaning of the invention, the term “disorder” denotes disturbances and/or anomalies which are as a rule regarded as being pathological conditions or functions and which can manifest themselves in the form of particular signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions. While the treatment according to the invention can be directed toward individual disorders, i.e. anomalies or pathological conditions, it is also possible for several anomalies, which may be causatively linked to each other, to be combined into patterns, i.e, syndromes, which can be treated in accordance with the invention.

The disorders which can be treated in accordance with the invention are, in particular, psychiatric and neurological disturbances. These disturbances include, in particular, organic disturbances, including symptomatic disturbances, such as psychoses of the acute exogenous reaction type or attendant psychoses of organic or exogenous cause, e.g., in association with metabolic disturbances, infections and endocrinopathogies; endogenous psychoses, such as schizophrenia and schizotype and delusional disturbances; affective disturbances, such as depressions, mania and/or manic-depressive conditions; and also mixed forms of the above-described disturbances; neurotic and somatoform disturbances and also disturbances in association with stress; dissociative disturbances, e.g. loss of consciousness, clouding of consciousness, double consciousness and personality disturbances; disturbances in attention and waking/sleeping behavior, such as behavioral disturbances and emotional disturbances whose onset lies in childhood and youth, e.g. hyperactivity in children, intellectual deficits, in particular attention disturbances (attention deficit disorders), memory disturbances and cognitive disturbances, e.g. impaired learning and memory (impaired cognitive function), dementia, narcolepsy and sleep disturbances, e.g. restless legs syndrome; development disturbances; anxiety states, delirium; sexlife disturbances, e.g. impotence in men; eating disturbances, e.g. anorexia or bulimia; addiction; and other unspecified psychiatric disturbances.

The disorders which can be treated in accordance with the invention also include Parkinson's disease and epilepsy and, in particular, the affective disturbances connected thereto.

The addiction diseases include psychic disorders and behavioral disturbances which are caused by the abuse of psychotropic substances, such as pharmaceuticals or narcotics, and also other addiction diseases, such as addiction to gaming (impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified). Examples of addictive substances are: opioids (e.g. morphine, heroin and codeine), cocaine; nicotine; alcohol; substances which interact with the GABA chloride channel complex, sedatives, hypnotics and tranquilizers, for example benzodiazepines; LSD; cannabinoids; psychomotor stimulants, such as 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (ecstasy); amphetamine and amphetamine-like substances such as methylphenidate and other stimulants including caffeine. Addictive substances which come particularly into consideration are opioids, cocaine, amphetamine or amphetamine-like substances, nicotine and alcohol.

With regard to the treatment of addiction diseases, particular preference is given to those compounds according to the invention of the formula I which themselves do not possess any psychotropic effect. This can also be observed in a test using rats, which, after having been administered compounds which can be used in accordance with the invention, reduce their self administration of psychotropic substances, for example cocaine.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the compounds according to the invention are suitable for treating disorders whose causes can at least partially be attributed to an anomalous activity of dopamine D₃ receptors.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the treatment is directed, in particular, toward those disorders which can be influenced, within the sense of an expedient medicinal treatment, by the binding of preferably exogeneously administered binding partners (ligands) to dopamine D₃ receptors.

The diseases which can be treated with the compounds according to the invention are frequently characterized by progressive development, i.e. the above-described conditions change over the course of time; as a rule, the severity increases and conditions may possibly merge into each other or other conditions may appear in addition to those which already exist.

The compounds according to the invention can be used to treat a large number of signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions which are connected with the disorders of the central nervous system and, in particular, the abovementioned conditions. These signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions include, for example, a disturbed relationship to reality, lack of insight and ability to meet customary social norms or the demands made by life, changes in temperament, changes in individual drives, such as hunger, sleep, thirst, etc., and in mood, disturbances in the ability to observe and combine, changes in personality, in particular emotional lability, hallucinations, ego-disturbances, distractedness, ambivalence, autism, depersonalization and false perceptions, delusional ideas, chanting speech, lack of synkinesia, short-step gait, flexed posture of trunk and limbs, tremor, poverty of facial expression, monotonous speech, depressions, apathy, impeded spontaneity and decisiveness, impoverished association ability, anxiety, nervous agitation, stammering, social phobia, panic disturbances, withdrawal symptoms in association with dependency, maniform syndromes, states of excitation and confusion, dysphoria, dyskinetic syndromes and tic disorders, e.g. Huntington's chorea and Gilles-de-la-Tourette's syndrome, vertigo syndromes, e.g. peripheral positional, rotational and oscillatory vertigo, melancholia, hysteria, hypochondria and the like.

Within the meaning of the invention, a treatment also includes a preventive treatment (prophylaxis), in particular as relapse prophylaxis or phase prophylaxis, as well as the treatment of acute or chronic signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions. The treatment can be orientated symptomatically, for example as the suppression of symptoms. It can be effected over a short period, be orientated over the medium term or can be a long-term treatment, for example within, the context of a maintenance therapy.

Therefore the compounds according to the invention are preferentially suitable for treating diseases of the central nervous system, in particular for treating affective disorders; neurotic disturbances, stress disturbances and somatoform disturbances and psychoses, and, in particular, for treating schizophrenia and depression. Because of their high selectivity with regard to the D₃ receptor, the compounds I according to the invention are also suitable for treating disturbances of kidney function, in particular disturbances of kidney function which are caused by diabetes mellitus (see WO 00/67847) and, especially, diabetic nephropathy.

Within the context of the treatment, the use according to the invention of the described compounds involves a method. In this method, an effective quantity of one or more compounds, as a rule formulated in accordance with pharmaceutical and veterinary practice, is administered to the individual to be treated, preferably a mammal, in particular a human being, productive animal or domestic animal. Whether such a treatment is indicated, and in which form it is to take place, depends on the individual case and is subject to medical assessment (diagnosis) which takes into consideration signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions which are present, the risks of developing particular signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions, and other factors.

As a rule, the treatment is effected by means of single or repeated daily administration, where appropriate together, or alternating, with other active compounds or active compound-containing preparations such that a daily dose of preferably from about 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg of bodyweight, in the case of oral administration, or of from about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg of bodyweight, in the case of parenteral administration, is supplied to an individual to be treated.

The invention also relates to the production of pharmaceutical compositions for treating an individual, preferably a mammal, in particular a human being, productive animal or domestic animal. Thus, the ligands are customarily administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions which comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient together with at least one compound according to the invention and, where appropriate, other active compounds. These compositions can, for example, be administered orally, rectally, transdermally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly or intranasally.

Examples of suitable pharmaceutical formulations are solid medicinal forms, such as powders, granules, tablets, in particular film tablets, lozenges, sachets, cachets, sugarcoated tablets, capsules, such as hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules, suppositories or vaginal medicinal forms, semisolid medicinal forms, such as ointments, creams, hydrogels, pastes or plasters, and also liquid medicinal forms, such as solutions, emulsions, in particular oil-in-water emulsions, suspensions, for example lotions, injection preparations and infusion preparations, and eyedrops and eardrops. Implanted release devices can also be used for administering inhibitors according to the invention. In addition, it is also possible to use liposomes or microspheres.

When producing the compositions, the compounds according to the invention are optionally mixed or diluted with one or more excipients. Excipients can be solid, semisolid or liquid materials which serve as vehicles, carriers or medium for the active compound.

Suitable excipients are listed in the specialist medicinal monographs. In addition, the formulations can comprise pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or customary auxiliary substances, such as glidants; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preservatives; antioxidants; antiirritants; chelating agents; coating auxiliaries; emulsion stabilizers; film formers; gel formers; odor masking agents; taste corrigents; resin; hydrocolloids; solvents; solubilizers; neutralizing agents; diffusion accelerators; pigments; quaternary ammonium compounds; refatting and overfatting agents; raw materials for ointments, creams or oils; silicone derivatives; spreading auxiliaries; stabilizers; sterilants; suppository bases; tablet auxiliaries, such as binders, fillers, glidants, disintegrants or coatings; propellants; drying agents; opacifiers; thickeners; waxes; plasticizers and white mineral oils. A formulation in this regard is based on specialist knowledge as described, for example, in Fiedler, H. P., Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe für Pharmazie, Kosmetik and angrenzende Gebiete [Encyclopedia of auxiliary substances for pharmacy, cosmetics and related fields], 4th edition, Aulendorf: ECV-Editio-Kantor-Verlag, 1996.

The following examples serve to explain the invention without limiting it.

The compounds were either characterized via proton-NMR in d₆-dimethylsulfoxid or d-chloroform, if not stated otherwise, on a 400 MHz or 500 MHz NMR instrument (Bruker AVANCE), or by mass spectrometry, generally recorded via HPLC-MS in a fast gradient on C18-material (electrospray-ionisation (ESI) mode), or melting point.

The magnetic nuclear resonance spectral properties (NMR) refer to the chemical shifts (δ) expressed in parts per million (ppm). The relative area of the shifts in the ¹H NMR spectrum corresponds to the number of hydrogen atoms for a particular functional type in the molecule. The nature of the shift, as regards multiplicity, is indicated as singlet (s), broad singlet (s. br.), doublet (d), broad doublet (d br.), triplet (t), broad triplet (t br.), quartet (q), quintet (quint.) and multiplet (m).

PREPARATION EXAMPLES I. Preparation of Intermediates a. Preparation of 2-Aminopropylphenylamines a.1 4-((S)-2-Amino-proptyl)-phenylamine×HCl

A mixture of 4-nitrophenylacetone (5 g, 27.91 mmol), (S)-(−)-α-phenylethylamine (3.4 g, 28.06 mmol), and platin(IV)oxide (100 mg) in methanol (MeOH) (50 ml) was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for a period of 8 h. After filtration and evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure 4-[(S)-2-((S)-1-phenyl-ethylamino)-propyl]-phenylamine was obtained as a yellow oil 6.7 g, 94%). Without further purification a solution of this oil in methanol (100 ml) together with ammonium formate (16.4 g, 260.1 mmol), and 10% palladium on charcoal (200 mg) were heated to reflux for 30 h. The mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure.

To a solution of the obtained residue in isopropanol HCl in isopropanol was added. The hydrochloride salt was collected and dried in a vacuum oven at 50° C. to give orange crystals (900 mg, 17%).

a.2 4 ((R)-2-Amino-propyl)-phenylamine×HCl

Starting from 4-nitrophenylacetone (5 g, 27.91 mmol) and (R)-(−)-α-phenyl-ethylamine (3.4 g, 28.06 mmol) following the same synthetic procedure as described for 4-((S)-2-amino-propyl)-phenylamine×HCl the product was obtained as a yellow powder (3 g, 57%).

b. Preparation of N-substituted Propionamides b.1 N[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyyl]-propionamide b.1.1 N-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)-propionamide

To a solution of (2-methyl-propenyl)-benzene (2.6 g, 19.67 mmol) in propionitrile (20 g, 363 mmol) H₂SO₄ (39.33. mmol) was added at 10° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Then the mixture was poured into water and adjusted to an alkaline pH with NaOH. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate, the organic layers combined, washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow oil (1.6 g, 40%).

b.1.2: N[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]propionamide

To H₂SO₄ (20 ml) at 0-10° C. N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)-propionamide was slowly added. The mixture was stirred until a clear solution was obtained. Then KNO₃ (750 mg, 7.42 mmol) was added in portions at 0-5° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h after which it was poured into ice water. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with NaOH, water and brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a brown oil (1 g, 55%).

b.2 N-[1-(4-Nitro-benzyl)-cyclopropyl]-propionamide b.2.1: 1-Benzylcyclopropylamine

To a solution of phenylacetonitrile (3 g, 25.61 mmol) and tetraisopropylorthotitanate (8 ml, 27.15 mmol) in diethyl ether (Et₂O)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) (1/1, 100 ml) ethylmagnesiumbromide (49.33 mmol) was added at room temperature. The exothermic mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. Then BF₃×Et₂O (49.34 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. The mixture was poured into a cold aqueous solution of NaOH (10%) and diluted with ethyl acetate. The mixture was filtered, and the organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow oil (3.6 g, 96%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 148.15 [M+H]+

b.2.2: N-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropyl)-propionamide

To a solution of 1-benzylcyclopropylamine (3.6 g, 24.45 mmol) and triethylamine (4.9 g, 48.85 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 ml) propionyl chloride (2.5 g, 27.02 mmol) was added at 10° C. The mixture was stirred at, room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was partitioned between water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethylether, the precipitate filtered and dried in vacuo to give the product as a brown powder (2 g, 40%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 204.10 [M+H]⁺

b.2.3: N-[1-(4-Nitro-benzyl)-cyclopropyl]-propionamide

To H₂SO₄(20 ml) at 0-10° C. N-(1-benzyl-cyclopropyl)-propionamide (2 g, 9.84 mmol) was slowly added. The mixture was stirred until a clear solution was obtained. Then KNO₃ (1 g, 9.89 mmol) was added in portions at 0-5° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h after which it was poured into ice water, and 50% NaOH was added. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with isopropylether and the precipitate filtered and dried in vacuo to give the product as a brown powder (900 mg, 37%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 249.25 [M+H]⁺

c. Preparation of [2-(aminophenyl)ethyl]-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester c.1 [2-(4-Amino-phenyl)-ethyl]carbamicacid tert-butyl ester c.1.1: [2-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]carbamicacid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethylamine (25.2 g, 124.31 mmol) in Tetrahydrofuran (THF), (1.00 ml) at 0° C. disability insurance-tert-butyl dicarbonate (38.5 g, 176.33 mmol) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After filtration the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with citric acid (5%), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow powder (18.8 g, 57%).

c.1.2: [2-(4-Amino-phenyl)-ethyl]carbamicacid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of [2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (18.7 g, 70.30 mmol) in ethanol (200 ml) a slurry of 10% palladium on charcoal (2 g) in water (10 ml) was added. At 80° C. ammonium formate (44.3 g, 703 mmol) in water (90 ml) was added slowly. After complete addition the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 1 h. The mixture was allowed to come to room temperature, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water and extracted twice with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow oil (13.5 g, 81%).

c.2 Allyl-[2-(4-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of [2-(4-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (2.32 g, 9.82 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (50 ml) 18-crown-6 (50 mg) was added. At 0° C. potassium tert-butylate (1.10 g, 9.82 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 min. After the addition of allylbromide (1.19 g, 9.82 mmol) the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After concentration in vacuo the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a red oil (2.50 g, 92%).

c.3 [2-(3-Amino-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester c.3.1: 2-(3-Nitrophenyl)ethylamine

A solution of (3-nitro-phenyl)-acetonitrile (11.4 g, 70.4 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was heated to reflux and borane dimethylsulfide (2M in THF, 77.34 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h under reflux. After complete conversion the mixture was allowed to come to room temperature and a solution of HCl in ethanol (1M) was added. After stirring the mixture for 30 min it was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethylether, filtered, washed with diethylether and dried in vacuo to give the product as a yellow powder (13.1 g, 92%).

c.3.2: [2-(3-Amino-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

The desired product was obtained as a brown oil following the synthetic procedure described for allyl-[2-(4-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester starting from 2-(3-Nitrophenyl)ethylamine.

c.4 Allyl-[2-(3-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

The desired product was obtained as an orange oil following the synthetic procedure described for Allyl-[2-(4-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester starting from [2-(3-Amino-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and allylbromide.

d. Preparation of 2-(4-Aminobenzyl)-1-propylpyrrolidine d.1.1: 2-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-1-propylpyrrolidine

2-Benzyl-1-propylpyrrolidine (0.90 g, 3.75 mmol) was dissolved in nitromethane (10 mL) and added to a mixture of concentrated H₂SO₄ (3.7 mL), concentrated nitric acid (0.3 mL) and water (0.6 mL) cooled to 5° C. After stirring for 2 h, the reaction solution was poured into water, extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic phase separated and dried over MgSO₄. The filtered solution was concentrated to give a brown oil (0.95 g, 100%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 249.3 (M+H)±

d.1.2: 2-(4-Aminobenzyl)-1-propylpyrrolidine

The mixture of nitro compounds from d.1.1 (0.94 g, 3.79 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (60 mL) and tin chloride (4.30 g, 19.1 mmol) added. The solution was heated to reflux for 3 h, the solution was concentrated and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and NaOH (2M), and the organic phase separated and dried over MgSO₄. The filtered solution was concentrated and the residue separated by preparative HPLC (10-90% methanol) to give the 2 amino isomers. The p-amino product was obtained as a yellow oil (0.30 g, 37%). The m-amino product was obtained as a yellow oil (38 mg, 5%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 219.4 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 6.85 (d, 2H), 6.43 (d, 1H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.75 (m, 1H), 2.45 (m, 1H), 2.18 (m, 3H), 1.62-1.35 (m, 6H), 0.82 (t, 3H).

¹³C-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 146.5 (s), 129.4 (d), 126.5 (s), 113.8 (d), 66.2 (d), 55.8 (t), 53.3 (t), 29.7 (t), 21.6 (t), 11.9 (q).

e. Preparation of Sulfonyl Chlorides e.1 4-((S)-2-Fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride e.1.1 Toluene-4-sulfonic acid (S)-2-phenyl-propyl ester

To a solution of 20 g of (S)-(−)-2-phenyl-1-propanol in 240 ml of dichloromethane was added in portions 28 g of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (146.8 mmol). After stirring for 18 h at room temperature, the organic phase was washed with 100 ml of water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 43 g of the title compound.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.15-7.3 (m, 5H), 7.1 (d, 2H), 4.0-4.1 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 1H), 2.4 (s, 3H), 1.3 (d, 3H).

e.1.2 ((S)-2-Fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)benzene

9.62 g of toluene-4-sulfonic acid (S)-2-phenyl-propyl ester (33.13 mmol) were dissolved in 80 ml of polyethylenglycol 400. 9.62 g of potassium fluoride (165.6 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 days and another 2 days at 55-70° C. The reaction was treated with 150 ml of saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, extracted three times with diethyl ether, and the combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography using cyclohexyane/ethyl acetate 15% as eluent. 2.85 g of the desired product were isolated, containing −25% of the elimination side product.

¹H-1-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 7.2-7.4 (m, 5H), 4.3-4.6 (several m, 2H), 3.15 (m, 1H).1.3 (m, 3H).

e.1.3 4-((S)-2-Fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride

3.5 g of ((S)-2-fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)benzene (25.32 mmol) were dissolved in 80 ml of dichloromethane. At 0-5° C., 11.81 g of chlorosulfonic acid (101.31 mmol), dissolved in 20 ml of dichloromethane, were added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and 2 h at 30° C. The solvent was evaporated. 150 ml of diethyl ether were added to the residue, washed once with 150 ml of water, and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography with n-heptane-dichloromethane (6:4) as eluent to give 1.5 g of the title compound.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 8.0 (d, 2H), 7.5 (d, 2H), 4.5 (dd, 2H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 1.4 (d, 3H).

e.2 4-((R)-2-Fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride e.2.1 Toluene-4-sulfonic acid (R)-2-phenyl-propyl ester

Following the procedure analogous to that used for the synthesis of toluene-4-sulfonic acid (S)-2-phenyl-propyl ester, but using (R)-2-phenyl-1-propanol, the title compound was prepared.

e.2.2 ((R)-2-Fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzene

The title compound was prepared as described above for the synthesis of ((S)-2-fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzene, but using toluene-4-sulfonic acid (R)-2-phenyl-propyl ester instead of toluene-4-sulfonic acid (S)-2:phenyl-propyl ester

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 7.2-7.4 (m, 5H), 4.3-4.6 (several m, 2H), 3.15 (m, 1H).1.3 (m, 3H).

e.2.3 4-((R)-2-Fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride

1.3 g of ((R)-2-fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)benzene (9.4 mmol) were dissolved in 50 ml of dichloromethane. At 0-5° C., 1.1 g of chlorosulfonic acid (9.4 mmol), dissolved in 10 ml of dichloromethane, were added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 min at 0-5° C. and then added to a solution of 2.15 g of phosphorous pentachloride dissolved in 40 ml of dichloromethane. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at 0-5° C. and 1 h at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated, 100 ml of diethyl ether were added, the mixture was washed once with 150 ml of water, and the organic layer dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography with n-heptane-dichloromethane (1:1) as eluent to give 0.261 g of the title compound.

¹H-1-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 8.0 (d, 2H), 7.5 (d, 2H), 4.5 (dd, 2H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 1.4 (d, 3H).

e.3 4-(2-Fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride

Following the procedures analogous to that used for the preparation of 4-((S)-2-fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride, but starting with 2-phenyl-1-propanol in step a.3.1, the title compound was prepared.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 8.0 (d, 2H), 7.5 (d, 2H), 4.5 (dd, 2H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 1.4 (d, 3H).

e.4 4-(2-Fluoro-1-fluoromethyl-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride e.4.1 (2-Fluoro-1-fluoromethyl-ethyl)-benzene

4 g of 3-phenylglutaric acid (19.21 mmol) were suspended in 350 ml of dichloro-methane. At room temperature, 6.5 g of xenon diffluoride (38.42 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The organic phase was washed once with 975 ml of 6% aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent evaporated. The remaining residue was distilled at a bath temperature of 123° C. at 21 mm to yield 0.78 g of the title compound that contained—50% of 4-(2-Fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzene.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 7.2-7.4 (m, 5H), 4.6-4.8 (dd, 4H), 3.3 (m, 1H).

e.4.2 4-(2-Fluoro-1-fluoromethyl-ethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride

Following the procedures analogous to that used for the preparation of. 4-((S)-2-fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride, but using 5 equivalents of chlorosulfonic acid, 0.12 g of the title compound were obtained.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 8.05 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 4.75 (dd, 4H), 3.4 (m, 1H).

e.5 4-(3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride

2.9 g were obtained from commercially available (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-benzene following the procedure used for the synthesis of 4-((S)-2-fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride described above.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 8.0 (d, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 3.0 (t, 2H), 2.45 (m, 2H).

e.6 4-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride

The product was obtained from commercially available (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-benzene following the procedure as described in J. Org. Chem., 1960, 25, 182426.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 8.05 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 3.5 (q, 2H).

e.7 4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride e.7.1 (3-Fluoropropyl)-benzene

15.6 g of diethylaminosulfurtrifluoride (DAST, 96.91 mmol) were dissolved in 18 ml of dichloromethane. At 0-5° C., 12 g of 3-phenyl-1-propanol (88.1 mmol) dissolved in 30 ml of dichloromethane, were added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h, and, after addition of 30 ml of dichloromethane, poured onto 100 ml of ice water. The organic layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent evaporated. The crude product was purified by distillation at a bath temperature of 106° C. at 20 mm to yield 7.4 g of the title compound.

¹H-1-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 7.1-7.3 (m, 5H), 4.4 (dt, 2H), 2.7 (m, 2H).2.0 (m, 2H).

e.7.2 4-(3-Fluoropropyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride

4.1 g of (3-fluoro-propylybenzene (29.67 mmol) were dissolved in 40 ml of dichloromethane. At 0-5° C., 6.91 g of chlorosulfonic acid (59.34 mmol), dissolved in 10 ml of dichloromethane, were added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 45 min at 0-5° C. and then added to a solution of 6.8 g of phosphorous pentachloride (32.63 mmol) dissolved in 50 ml of dichloromethane. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 5-10° C. The solvent was evaporated, 150 ml of diethyl ether added, washed once with 150 ml of ice water, and the organic layer dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography with n-heptane-dichloromethane (11:9) as eluent to give 5.5 g of the title compound.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 7.95 (d, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 4.5 (dt, 2H), 2.9 (t, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H).

e.8 4-(2,2-Difluoro-cyclopropyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride

2.07 g of were obtained from commercially available (2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-benzene following the procedure used for the synthesis of (3-fluoropropyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride with the exception that only 1.1 equivalents of phosphorous pentachloride were-used:

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 8.0 (d, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 2.85 (m, 1H), 2.0 (m, 1H), 1.75 (m, 1H).

e.9 3-Bromo-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride

2.0 g of 1-bromo-2-(trifluoro-methoxy)benzene (8.3 mmol) were dissolved in 30 ml of dichloromethane. At 0-5° C., 1.06 g of chlorosulfonic acid (9.13 mmol), dissolved in 3 ml of dichloromethane, were added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. Additional 5.5 equivalents of chlorosulfonic in dichloromethane were added to drive the reaction to completion. Standard work-up was followed and silica gel chromatography with n-heptane-dichloromethane (6:4) as eluent gave 2.19 g of the title compound.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 8.3 (d, 1H), 8.05 (dd, 1H), 7.5 (dd, 1H).

e.10 4-(2-Fluoroethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride e.10.1 (2-Fluoroethyl)-benzene

6.8 g of the title compound were obtained from commercially available 2-phenylethanol following the procedure used for the synthesis of (3-fluoropropyl)-benzene.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 7.1-7.3 (m, 5H), 4.6 (m, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.9 (m, 1H).

e.10.2 4-(2-Fluoroethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride

3.55 g were obtained following the procedure used for the synthesis of 4-((R)-2-fluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 8.0 (d, 2H), 7.5 (d, 2H), 4.7 (dt, 2H), 3.05-3.2 (dt, 2H).

e.11 5-Propylthiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride

Following the procedures analogous to that used for the preparation of (3-fluoropropyl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride, but using only 1 equivalent of phosphorous pentachloride, the title compound was prepared.

¹H-I-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 7.7 (d, 1H), 6.85 (d, 1H), 2.9 (t, 2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.0 (t, 3H).

e.12 4-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride e.12.1 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole

1 g of 2-phenylmalonaldehyde (6.75 mmol) were dissolved in 25 ml of ethanol. 0.36 ml of N-methyl-hydrazine (6.75 mmol) were added, the reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 4 h, the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 1.09 g of the product.

ESI-MS: 159.1 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.6 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.35 (t, 2H), 7.2 (t, 1H), 3.9 (s, 3H).

e.12.2 4-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-benzenesulfonyl chloride

0.5 g of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole (3.16 mmol) were dissolved in 20 ml of dichloromethane. At 0° C., 0.232 ml of chlorosulfonic acid were added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h under ice cooling. Additional 0.7 ml of chlorosulfonic acid were added, the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes and then 90 minutes at 50° C. The two phases were separated and the lower layer put on ice, extracted twice with diethyl ether, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 0.496 g of the product.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ [ppm] 8.0 (d, 2H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, 2H), 4.0 (s, 3H).

e.13 4-(1,1,1-Trifluoropropan-2-yl)benzenesulfonyl chloride and 2-(1,1,1-Trifluoropropan-2-yl)benzenesulfonyl chloride

Prepared on a 14 g scale following the procedure outlined in Scheme 7. 2-(1,1,1-Trifluoropropan-2-yl)benzenesulfonyl chloride is a by-product of the reaction.

4-(1,1,1-Trifluoropropan-2-yl)benzenesulfonyl chloride

MS (ESI) m/z: 273.1 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 7.62 (d, 2H), 7.33 (d, 2H), 3.81 (m, 1H), 1.42 (d, 3H)

2-(1,1,1-Trifluoropropan-2-yl)benzenesulfonyl chloride

MS (ESI) m/z: 273.1 [M+H]⁺

e.14 4-(1,1-Difluoropropan-2-yl)benzenesulfonyl chloride and 2-(1,1-Difluoropropan-2-yl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride

Prepared on an 11 g scale following the procedure outlined in Scheme 6. 2-(1,1-Difluoropropan-2-yl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride is a by-product of the reaction.

4-(1,1-Difluoropropan-2-yl)benzenesulfonyl chloride

MS (ESI) m/z: 255.0 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 8.03 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 5.88 (dt, 1H), 3.34 (m, 1H), 1.47 (d, 3H).

¹³C-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 146.43, 143.54, 129.77, 127.28, 117.06 (t), 43.76, 13.78.

2-(1,1-difluoropropan-2-Abenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride

Isolated by chromatography on 110 mg scale.

MS (ESI) m/z: 255.0 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 8.15 (d, 1H), 7.77 (t, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.54 (t, 1H), 5.99 (dt, 1H), 4.43 (m, 1H), 1.51 (d, 3H).

¹³C-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 143.45, 138.63, 135.53, 130.93, 129.04, 128.17, 116.61 (t), 38.38, 13.68.

II. Preparation of Compounds I Example 1 N[4-((S)-2-Propylamino-propyl)-phenyl]-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonamide 1.1 N—[(S)-2-(4-Amino-phenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]propionamide

To a solution of 4-((S)-2-amino-propyl)-phenylamine×HCl (1.24 g, 6.66 mmol) and triethylamine (1.4 g, 13.83 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 ml) propionyl chloride (620 mg, 6.66 mmol) was added at −5-0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The mixture was partitioned between water and dichloromethane and to the organic layer was added HCl (1M). At pH=8 the aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as an orange oil (300 mg, 22%).

1.2 N-{(S)-1-Methyl-2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-propionamide

To a solution of N—[(S)-2-(4-amino-phenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]propionamide (300 mg, 1.45 mmol) and triethylamine (300 mg, 2.96 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (30 ml) 4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride (380 mg, 1.45 mmol) was added at −5-0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 5% citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, water, and brine, dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a brown oil (500 mg, 80%).

1.3 N-[4-((S)-2-Propylamino-propyl)-phenyl]-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonamide

To a solution of N-{(S)-1-methyl-2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-propionamide (500 mg, 1.16 mmol) in THF (20 ml) borane-dimethylsulfid complex (2M in THF, 2.63 mmol) was added at room temperature. The mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. The mixture was allowed to come to room temperature and HCl (2M) was added. This mixture was stirred for 16 h at room temperature. After extracting the mixture three times with dichloromethane the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, water, and brine, dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow oil. Column chromatography (CH₂Cl₂, 2%/methanol, 5%, 10%) gave the product as a yellow oil (300 mg, 62%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 417.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ [ppm] 7.80 (d, 2H), 7.20 (d, 2H), 7.06 (d, 2H), 7.00 (d, 2H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.60 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.05-1.10 (m, 3H), 0.85 (t, 3H).

Example 2 N-[4-((R)-2-Propylamino-propyl)-phenyl]-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonamide

The desired product was obtained as a yellow powder following the same synthetic procedure as described for N-[4-((S)-2-propylamino-propyl)-phenyl]-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene-sulfonamide starting from 4-((R)-2-amino-propyl)-phenylamine×HCl.

MS (ESI) m/z: 417.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ [ppm] 7.80 (d, 2H), 7.20 (d, 2H), 7.06 (d, 2H), 7.00 (d, 2H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.60 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.05-1.10 (m, 3H), 0.85 (t, 3H).

Example 3 4-Isopropyl-N-[4-(2-propylamino-propyl)-phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

Starting from racemic 4-(2-amino-propyl)-phenylamine and propionyl chloride the desired product was obtained as a yellow powder following the synthetic protocol of example 1 using 4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride.

MS (ESI) m/z: 375.25 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ [ppm] 7.69 (d, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.06 (d, 2H), 7.00 (d, 2H), 2.88-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.42-2.70 (several m, 4H), 1.36-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.19-1.22 (m, 6H), 0.99-1.01 (m, 3H), 0.82 (t, 3H).

Example 4 N-[4-(2-Methyl-2-propylamino-propyl)-phenyl]-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonamide 4.1 N-[2-(4-Amino-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl]propionamide

A mixture of N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-ethyl]propionamide (1 g, 4 mmol) and 10% palladium on charcoal (100 mg) in methanol (50 ml) was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure. After filtration the solvent was evaporated and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate. The solution was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow oil (800 mg, 91%).

4.2 N-{1,1-Dimethyl-2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-propionamide

To a solution of N-[2-(4-amino-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl]-propionamide (800 mg, 3.63 mmol) and triethylamine (800 mg, 7.91 mmol) in THF (30 ml) 4-Trifluoromethoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (950 mg, 3.63 mmol) was added at −5-0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 5% citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, water, and brine, dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethylether and the precipitate filtered and dried in vacuo to give the product as a brown powder (700 mg, 43%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 445.35 [M+H]⁺

4.3 N-[4-(2-Methyl-2-propylamino-propyl)-phenyl]-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzene-sulfonamide

To a solution of N-{1,1-dimethyl-2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-propionamide (700 mg, 1.57 mmol) in THF (20 ml) borane-dimethylsulfid complex (2M in THF, 6.32 mmol) was added at room temperature. The mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. The mixture was allowed to come to room temperature and HCl (2M) was added. This mixture was stirred for 16 h at room temperature. After extracting the mixture three times with dichloromethane the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, water, brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow oil. Column chromatography (CH₂Cl₂, 2%/methanol, 5%,10%) gave the product as a yellow foam (500 mg, 74%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 431.35 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ [ppm] 7.82 (d, 2H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 7.03 (d, 2H), 6.99 (d, 2H), 2.78 (s, 2H), 2.64-2.70 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.08 (s, 6H), 0.91 (t, 3H).

Example 5 N-[4-((1-Propylamino-cyclopropyl)methyl)-phenyl]-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzene-sulfonamide

Starting from N-[1-(4-nitro-benzyl)-cyclopropyl]-propionamide the desired product was obtained as a yellow oil following the synthetic protocol of example 4.

MS (ESI) m/z: 429.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ [ppm] 7.81 (d, 2H), 7.24 (d, 2H), 7.12 (d, 2H), 7.02 (d, 2H), 2.70 (s, 2H), 2.58-2.63 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.40 (m, 2H), 0.81 (t, 3H), 0.64 (m, 2H), 0.50 (m, 2H).

Example 6 4-Isopropyl-N-[4-(2-propylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

Starting from commercially available 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine and propionyl chloride the desired product was obtained as a colorless powder following the synthetic protocol of example 1 using 4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride.

MS (ESI) m/z: 361.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₈): δ [ppm] 10.25 (s, 1H); 8.93 (bs, 2H), 7.7 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.04-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.47-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.77-3.10 (m, 5H), 1.58-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.18 (d, 6H), 0.90 (t, 3H).

Example 7

N-{4-[2-(Cyclopropylmethyl-amino)-ethyl]-phenyl}-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

Starting from commercially available 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine and cyclopropane-carbonyl chloride the desired product was obtained as a colorless powder following the synthetic protocol of example 1 using 4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride.

MS (ESI) m/z: 373.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₈): δ [ppm] 10.28 (s, 1H); 9.02 (bs, 2H), 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.04-7.15 (m, 4H), 2.75-3.10 (several m, 7H), 1.15-1.22 (m, 2H), 1.01-1.12 (m, 1H), 0.52-0.61 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.41 (m, 2H).

Example 8 N-[4-(2-Dipropylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl 8.1 {2-[4-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of [2-(4-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (10.75 g, 45.49 mmol) in pyridine (125 ml) at 0° C. 4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride (10.45 g, 47.76 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and 16 h at room temperature. After concentration in vacuo the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a brown oil (20.82 g, 50%).

8.2 N-[4-(2-Amino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

To a solution of {2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (20.42 g, 48.79 mmol) in diethylether (200 ml) and THF (80 ml) at 0° C. HCl in diethylether (100 ml) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After concentration in vacuo the product was obtained as a yellow foam (17.3 g, 99.9%).

8.3 N-[4-(2-Dipropylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

A solution of N-[4-(2-amino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl (740 mg, 2.09 mmol), 4 Å molecular sieves (750 mg) and cesium hydroxide (1.09 g, 6.27 mmol) in DMF was stirred at room temperature for 1 h before 1-bromo-propane (516 mg, 4.2 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After concentrating the mixture in vacuo the residue was purified by column chromatography (toluene/THF/methanol, 4/1/1+2.5% triethylamine). The obtained yellow oil was dissolved in diethylether, and HCl in diethylether (1M) was added. The precipitate was collected and dried in vacuo to give the product as a colorless powder (210 mg, 23%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 403.25 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.30 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, 2H), 7.4 (d, 2H), 7.17 (d, 2H), 7.06 (d, 2H), 3.12-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.87-3.08 (m, 7H), 1.61-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.19 (d, 6H), 0.88 (t, 6H).

Example 9 N-[4-(2-Dipropylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

To a solution of N-[4-(2-dipropylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl (80 mg, 0.17 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (2.5 ml) 15-crown-5, and sodium hydride (10 mg, 0.36 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. At 0° C. methyliodide (10 ml, 0.17 mmol) was added and the mixture was kept at 0° C. for 1 h. Then it was stirred for 16 h at room temperature. After concentration in vacuo the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in THF/diethyl ether and HCl in diethyl ether (1M) was added. The precipitate was collected and dried in vacuo to give the product as a yellow powder (50 mg, 59%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 417.25 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 9.76 (bs, 1H), 7.45 (s, 4H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 7.09 (d, 2H), 3.21-3.4 (m, 2H), 2.95-3.15 (m, 10H), 1.60-1.76 (m, 4H), 1.23 (d, 6H), 0.90 (t, 6H).

Example 10 4-Isopropyl-N-[6-(2-propylamino-ethyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-benzenesulfonamide×2HCl 10.1 (5-Nitro-pyridin-2-yl)-acetonitrile

To a solution of 5-nitro-2-chloropyridine (18 g, 113.5 mmol) in THF (100 ml) at room temperature K₂CO₃ (39.2 g, 283.8 mmol), cyanoacetic acid tert-butyl ester (24 g, 170.30 mmol) and 4 Å molecular sieves were added. The mixture was heated to reflux and stirred for 20 h. After concentrating the mixture under reduced pressure the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained oil was dissolved in toluene (300 ml), toluene-4-sulfonic acid (2 g, 11.6 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. The mixture then was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After which the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. Column chromatograghy (cyclohexane/dichloromethane, 4/1) gave the product as a colorless oil (10.3 g, 66%).

10.2 (5-Amino-pyridin-2-yl)-acetonitrile

To a mixture of (5-nitro-pyridin-2-yl)-acetonitrile (500 mg, 3.06 mmol) in concentrated aqueous HCl (3.1 ml) and ethanol (3.1 ml) at 0° C. SnCl₂ (2.3 g, 10.11 mmol) was added. The mixture was allowed to come to room temperature and was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a brown oil (300 mg, 74%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 134.05 [M+H]⁺

10.3 N-(6-Cyanomethyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide

To a solution of (5-amino-pyridin-2-yl)-acetonitrile (1 g, 7.5 mmol) in pyridine (10 ml) 4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride (1.64 g, 7.5 mmol) was added at −5-0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h and at room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with water, and brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a brown oil which was purified by column chromatography using methyltert-butylether as an eluent to give a colorless oil (1.7 g, 72%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 316.10 [M+H]⁺

10.4 N-[6-(2-Amino-ethyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide

A mixture of N-(6-cyanomethyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide (1.7 g, 5.4. mmol) aqueous ammonia (45 ml) and raney-nickel (2.7 mmol) in ethanol (50 ml) was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure. After filtration the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and the aqueous layer extracted five times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow powder after recrystallisation from methanol/ethyl acetate (1.3 g, 73%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 320.00 [M+H]⁺

10.5 N-{2-[5-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylamino)-pyridin-2-yl]-ethyl}-propionamide

To a solution of N-[6-(2-Amino-ethyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide (50 mg, 0.16 mmol) in pyridine (3 ml) propionyl chloride (10 mg. 0.16 mmol) was added at −5-0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h and 3 h at room temperature. The mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate and HCl (1M) was added. At pH=8 the aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow oil (40 mg, 68%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 376.15 [M+H]⁺

10.6 4-Isopropyl-N-[6-(2-propylamino-ethyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-benzenesulfonamide×2HCl

To a solution of N-{2-[5-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylamino)-pyridin-2-yl]-ethyl}-propionamide (40 mg, 0.11 mmol) in THF (3 ml) borane-dimethylsulfid complex (2M in THF, 1.49 mmol) was added at room temperature. The mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. The mixture was allowed to come to room temperature and HCl (2M) was added. This mixture was stirred for 16 h at room temperature. After extracting the mixture three times with dichloromethane the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, water, and brine, dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow oil which was dissolved in diethylether, and HCl in diethylether (1M) was added. The precipitate was collected and dried in vacuo to give the product as a colorless powder (6 mg, 15%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 362.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (MeOD): δ [ppm] 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.98 (bs, 1H) 7.62-7.80 (m, 3H), 7.35 (d, 2H), 3.18-3.40 (m, 4H), 2.82-3.00 (m, 3H), 1.58-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.28 (d, 6H), 0.95 (t, 3H).

Example 11 4-Isopropyl-N-[4-(1-propyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide

2-(4-Aminobenzyl)-1-propylpyrrolidine (300 mg, 1.37 mmol) was dissolved in pyridinedichloromethane (1:2, 9 mL) and cooled to 5° C. 4-Isopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (300 mg, 0.24 mmol) was added and the solution stirred at 5° C. for 18 h. The solution was evaporated, partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic phase separated and dried over MgSO₄. The filtered solution was concentrated and separated by column chromatography (dichloromethane-2% methanol) to give an oil. The oil was dissolved in ethyl acetate and HCl (4M, dioxane) was added to give the product as a white solid (180 mg, 30%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 401.5 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.52 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.04 (d, 1H), 3.52 (m, 1H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.24 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.75 (m, 5H), 1.82 (m, 3H), 1.62 (m, 3H), 1.15 (d, 6H), 0.82 (t, 3H).

¹³C-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 153.5 (s),137.2 (s),136.5 (s),132.6 (s),129.7 (d), 127.1 (d), 126.7 (d) 119.9 (d), 68.1 (d), 54.5 (t), 52.8 (t), 35.2 (t), 33.2 (d), 29.1 (t), 26.8 (t), 23.3 (q), 21.1 (t), 18.2 (t), 11.0 (q).

Example 12 Reference 4-Isopropyl-N-[3-(1-propyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide

2-(3-Aminobenzyl)-1-propylpyrrolidine (30 mg, 0.14 mmol) was converted to the target sulfonamide by a procedure identical to that described in example 11. The product was obtained as a white solid (18 mg, 26%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 401.5 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.81 (s, 1H), 10.32 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 7.18 (m, 1H). 6.97 (m, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.13 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.85 (m, 2H). 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m, 4H), 1.15 (d, 6H), 0.82 (t, 3H).

¹³C-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 153.6 (s), 138.1 (s), 136.9 (s), 129.4 (d), 127.1 (d), 126.9 (d), 124.5 (d) 120.2 (d), 118.4 (d), 67.8 (d), 54.2 (t), 52.6 (t), 35.7 (t), 33.2 (d), 28.9 (t). 26.8 (d): 23.3 (q); 20.9 (t), 18.2 (t), 11.0 (q).

Example 13 N-[4-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl 13.1 Allyl-{2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of allyl-[2-(4-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1.86 g, 6.74 mmol) in pyridine (25 ml) at 0° C. was added 4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride (1.47 g. 6.74 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. After concentration in vacuo the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (n-heptane/ethyl acetate, 2/1) to give the product as a yellow resin (1.35 g, 43.6 mmol).

MS (ESI) m/z: 459.2 [M+H]⁺

13.2 N-[4-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

To a solution of allyl-{2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1.35 g, 2.94 mmol) in diethylether (25 ml) was added HCl in diethylether (1M, 10 ml), and the mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. After concentration in vacuo the obtained residue was triturated with diethylether, filtered, washed with diethylether, and dried in vacuo to give the product as a yellow powder (1.16 g, 99.8%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 359.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.29 (s, 1H), 9.15 (bs, 2H), 7.69 (d, 2H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.05-7.12 (m, 4H), 5.85-5.96 (m, 1H), 5.35-5.48 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.59 (m, 2H), 2.8-3.09 (m, 5H), 1.19 (d, 6H).

Example 14 N-[4-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl 14.1 Allyl (2-{4-[(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfolyl)-methyl-amino]-phenyl}-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of allyl-{2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (200 mg, 0.44 mmol) in DMF (5 ml), 15-crown-5, and sodium hydride (20 mg, 0.48 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Methyliodide (60 mg, 0.44 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. After concentration in vacuo the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and saturated aqueous NaHGO₃. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow oil (200 mg, 97%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 417.1 [M+H]⁺

14.2 N-[4-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

To a solution of allyl-(2-{4-[(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonyl)-methyl-amino]-phenyl}-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (180 mg, 0.39 mmol) in diethylether (10 ml) was added HCl in diethylether (1M, 10 ml), and the mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. After concentration in vacuo the obtained residue was dissolved in THF and with addition of n-pentane a precipitate was formed which was collected, washed with n-pentane and dried in vacuo to give the product as a yellow powder (110 mg, 68%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 373.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ [ppm] 9.93 (bs, 1H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.30 (d, 2H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 7.05 (d, 2H), 6.02-6.18 (m, 1H), 5.45-5.54 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.30 (m, 7H), 2.90-3.03 (m, 1H). 1.28 (d, 6H).

Example 15 N-[4-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-N-propyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

The desired product was obtained as a colorless powder following the synthetic procedure described for N-[4-(2-allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide×HCl starting from Allyl-{2-[4-(4-isopropylbenzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and 1-bromo-propane.

MS (ESI) m/z: 401.25 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 9.19 (bs, 2H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.02 (d, 2H), 5.88-6.00 (m, 1H), 5.38-5.51 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.07-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.90-3.05 (m, 3H), 1.18-1.45 (m, 8H), 0.81 (t, 3H).

Example 16 N-[4-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

The desired product was obtained as a yellow powder following the synthetic procedure described for N-[4-(2-allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl starting from allyl-[2-(4-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and 4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride.

MS (ESI) m/z: 401.05 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.45 (bs, 1H), 9.01 (bs, 2H), 7.89 (d, 2H), 7.56 (d, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 7.06 (d, 2H), 5.81-5.98 (m, 1H), 5.35-5.49 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.0-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.8-2.9 (m, 2H).

Example 17 N-[4-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-N-methyl-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

The desired product was obtained as a yellow powder following the synthetic procedure described for N-[4-(2-allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-jsoprop-I-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide×HCl starting from Allyl-{2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and methyliodide.

MS (ESI) m/z: 415.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 9.12 (bs, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.09 (d, 2H), 5.86-5.98 (m, 1H), 5.38-5.52 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.19 (m, 5H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 2H).

Example 18 N-[4-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-N-propyl-4-trifluoromethoXY-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

The desired product was obtained as a colorless powder following the synthetic procedure described for N-[4-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide×HCl starting from Allyl-{2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and 1-bromopropane.

MS (ESI) m/z: 443.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 9.18 (bs, 2H), 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.59 (d, 2H), 7.26 (d, 2H), 7.05 (d, 2H), 5.87-6.00 (m, 1H), 5.38-5.50 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.65 (m, 4H), 3.08-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.92-3.01 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.82 (t, 3H).

Example 19 N-[4-(2-Diallylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl 19.1 {2-[4-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of [2-(4-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (10.75 g, 45.49 mmol) in pyridine (125 ml) at 0° C. 4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride (10.45 g, 47.76 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and 16 h at room temperature. After concentration in vacuo the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO₄ filtered and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a brown oil (20.82 g, 50%).

19.2 N-[4-(2-Amino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

To a solution of {2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenyl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (20.42 g, 48.79 mmol) in diethylether (200 ml) and THF (80 ml) at 0° C. HCl in diethylether (100 ml) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After concentration in vacuo the product was obtained as a yellow foam (17.3 g. 99.9%)

19.3 N-[4-(2-Diallylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

A solution of N-[4-(2-Amino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl (740 mg, 2.09 mmol), 4 Å molecular sieves (750 mg) and cesium hydroxide (1.09 g, 6.27 mmol) in DMF was stirred at room temperature for 1 h before allylbromide (508 mg, 4.2 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After concentrating the mixture in vacuo the residue was purified by column chromatography (toluene/THF/methanol, 4/1/1+2.5% triethylamine). The obtained yellow oil was dissolved in diethylether, and HCl in diethylether (1M) was added. The precipitate was collected and dried in vacuo to give the product as a colorless powder (210 mg, 23%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 399.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.39 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.04-7.13 (m, 4H), 5.96-6.08 (m, 2H), 5.47-5.59 (m, 4H), 3.71-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.04-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.99 (m, 3H), 1.19 (d, 6H).

Example 20 N-[4-(2-Diallylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonamide×HCl

The desired product was obtained as a yellow foam following the synthetic procedure described for N-[4-(2-diallylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl starting from [2-(4-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester and 4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride.

MS (ESI) m/z: 441.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.93 (bs, 1H), 10.45 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 7.14 (d, 2H), 7.06 (d, 2H), 5.93-6.09 (m, 2H), 5.46-5.59 (m, 4H), 3.68-3.84 (m, 4H), 3.04-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.90-3.01 (m, 2H).

Example 21 Reference N-[3-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide

The desired product was obtained as a pink powder following the synthetic procedure described for N-[4-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl starting from allyl-[2-(3-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and 4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride.

MS (ESI) m/z: 359.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.30 (s, 1H), 9.09 (bs, 2H), 7.69 (d, 2H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.19 (t, 1H), 6.95-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.90 (d, 1H), 5.85-5.98 (m, 1H), 5.38-5.50 (m, 2H), 2.80-3.05 (several m, 5H), 1.19 (d, 6H).

Example 22

N-[3-(2-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonamide

The desired product was obtained as a pink powder following the synthetic procedure described for N-[4-(2-allylamino-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonamide×HCl starting from allyl-[2-(3-amino-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and 4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride.

MS (ESI) m/z: 401.05 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.48 (s, 1H), 9.05 (bs, 2H), 7.89 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 7.20 (t, 1H), 6.91-7.03 (m, 3H), 5.85-5.98 (m, 1H), 5.38-5.50 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.90 (m, 2H).

Example 23 Diallyl-{2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine×HCl 23.1 2-(4-Bromomethyl-phenyl)-acetamide

To a solution of (4-bromomethyl-phenyl)-acetic acid (9.23 g, 40.30 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.5 ml, 6.47 mmol) in toluene (100 ml) thionyl chloride (3.1 ml, 42.31 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 1 h. At 0° C., this mixture was added to a solution of ammonia in water (25%, 200 ml). After stirring for 30 min the precipitate was collected, washed with water and pentane, and dried in a vacuum oven at 50° C. to give the product as white crystals (5.8 g. 63%).

23.2 2-[4-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]acetamide

To a solution of 4-(isopropyl)thiophenol (1.91 g, 12.54 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (50 ml) sodium hydride (530 mg, 13.17 mmol) was added. The exothermic reaction was allowed to cool down to room temperature. At 15° C., a solution of 2-(4-bromomethyl-phenyl)-acetamide (2.86 g, 12.54 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide-(25 ml) was added. After stirring the reaction mixture at room temperature for 16 h, the mixture was poured into ice-water. The precipitate was collected, washed with water and pentane, and dried in a vacuum oven at 50° C. to give the title compound as a white powder (3.46 g, 92%). This powder was used without further purification in the next step.

The powder obtained above was dissolved in methanol (100 ml). At 0-5° C. a solution of oxone (20.6 g, 33.5 mmol) in water (75 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and at room temperature for 16 h. On diluting the mixture with water a white solid was formed, which was collected, washed with water and pentane, and dried in a vacuum oven at 50° C. to give 2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-acetamide as a white powder (3.39 g, 92%).

23.3 2-[4-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]ethylamine×HCl

A solution of 2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-acetamide (1.37 g, 4.13 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) was refluxed and then a solution of boranedimethylsulfid complex (2M in tetrahydrofuran, 10.33 mmol) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 2 h. The mixture was allowed to cool down to room temperature and adjusted to pH=1 with a solution of HCl in ethanol (2M). After stirring the mixture for 15 min the solvents were evaporated under reduce pressure. Diethyl ether was added to residue. A slurry of the resulting white powder in diethyl ether was stirred for 15 min. The remaining solid was collected, washed with diethyl ether, and dried in a vacuum oven to give white crystals of 2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethylamine×HCl (1.36 g, 92.6%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 318.15 [M+H]⁺

23.4 Diallyl-{2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine×HCl

To a solution of 2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethylamine×HCl (0.81 g, 2.27 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 ml) cesium hydroxide (1.2 g, 6.9 mmol) was added. After the mixture was stirred for 1 h, allylbromide (0.83 g, 6.8 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 16 h. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography (toluene:tetrahydrofuran:methanol, 4:1:1, +2.5% triethylamine). A solution of HCl in isopropanol (1M) was added to the resulting oil. The precipitate was collected, washed with pentane, and dried in vacuo to give a white powder (0.5 g, 50%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 398.20 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 11.10 (bs, 1H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 5.95-6.12 (m, 2H), 5.47-5.65 (m, 4H), 4.61 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.88 (m, 4H), 2.92-3.25 (m, 3H), 1.22 (d, 6H).

Example 24 Diallyl-{2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine×HCl 24.1 2-[4-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-acetamide

To a solution of 4-(trifluoromethoxy)thiophenol (2.86 g, 12.54 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (50 ml) sodium hydride (530 mg, 13.17 mmol) was added. The exothermic reaction was allowed to cool down to room temperature. At 15° C. a solution of 2-(4-bromomethyl-phenyl)-acetamide (2.86 g, 12.54 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (25 ml) was added. After stirring the reaction mixture at room temperature for 16 h the mixture was added to ice-water. The precipitate was collected, washed with water and pentane, and dried in a vacuum oven at 50° C. to give the product as a yellow powder (3.56 g, 83%).

The thus obtained powder, which was used without further purification, was dissolved in methanol (200 ml). At room temperature a solution of oxone (18.4 g, 29.9 mmol) in water (75 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h and additional 3 h at 50° C. Upon diluting the mixture with water a white solid was formed, which was collected, washed with water and pentane, and dried in a vacuum oven at 50° C. to give 2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-acetamide as a white powder (2.66 g, 71%).

24.2 2-[4-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethylamine×HCl

A solution of 2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-acetamide (1.36 g, 3.64 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) was refluxed and a solution of boranedimethylsulfid complex (2M in tetrahydrofuran, 9.11 mmol) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 2 h. The mixture was allowed to come to room temperature and was adjusted to pH=1 using a solution of HCl in ethanol (2M). After stirring the mixture for 15 min the solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. A slurry of the resulting white powder in diethyl ether was stirred for 15 min. The remaining solid was collected, washed with diethyl ether, and dried in a vacuum oven to give white crystals of 2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethylamine×HCl (1.22 g, 84.7%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 360.05 [M+H]⁺

24.3 Diallyl-{2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine×HCl

To a solution of 2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethylamine×HCl (1.14 g, 2.89 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 ml) cesium hydroxide (1.5 g, 8.7 mmol) was added. After the mixture was stirred for 1 h, allylbromide (1.05 g, 8.7 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 16 h. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography (toluene:tetrahydrofuran:methanol, 4:1:1, +2.5% triethylamine). To the resulting oil a solution of HCl in isopropanol (1M) was added. The precipitate was collected, washed with pentane and dried in vacuo to give a white powder (0.78 g, 56%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 440.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 11.40 (bs, 1H), 7.88 (d, 2H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.20 (d, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 5.98-6.11 (m, 2H), 5.49-5.65 (m, 4H), 4.71 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.30-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.00-3.22 (m, 4H).

Example 25 Dipropyl-{2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine×HCl

To a solution of diallyl-{2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine×HCl (90 mg, 0.21 mmol) in ethanol (25 ml) a suspension of palladium on charcoal (10%, 100 mg) in ethanol was added. The mixture was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure. After filtration and removal of the solvents in vacuo the resulting oil was triturated with diethyl ether. The precipitate was collected, washed with diethyl ether and dried in vacuo to give the product as a yellow foam (30 mg, 36.2%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 402.25 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.30 (bs, 1H), 7.67 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 4.61 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.92-3.15 (m, 7H). 1.6-1.8 (m, 4H), 1.23 (d, 6H), 0.92 (t, 6H).

Example 26 Dipropyl-{2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-dipropylamine×HCl

To a solution of diallyl-{2-[4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine×HCl (160 mg, 0.34 mmol) in ethanol (25 ml) a suspension of palladium on charcoal (10%,150 mg) in ethanol was added. The mixture was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure. After filtration and removal of the solvents in vacuo the resulting oil was triturated with diethyl ether. The precipitate was collected, washed with diethyl ether and dried in vacuo to give the product as a colourless powder (120 mg, 70%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 444.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 10.30 (bs, 1H), 7.89 (d, 2H), 7.59 (d, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.13 (d, 2H), 4.71 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.98-3.15 (m, 6H), 1.61-1.78 (m, 4H), 0.92 (t, 6H).

Example 27 Allyl-{2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine×HCl

2-[4-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]ethylamine×HCl (0.81 g, 2.27 mmol) was dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide in methanol (1M, 2.27 mmol), the methanol was removed and N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml) was added. To a solution of the resulting 2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethylamine in N,N-dimethylformamide activated 4 Å molecular sieves (700 mg) and cesium hydroxide (40 mg, 0.228 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After addition of allybromide (0.82 g, 6.81 mmol) the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography (toluene:tetrahydrofuran:methanol, 4:1:1, +2.5% triethylamine). To the resulting oil a solution of HCl in isopropanol (1M) was added. The precipitate was collected, washed with pentane, and dried in vacuo to give a white powder (0.14 g, 15%).

MS (ESI), m/z: 358.15 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 9.01-9.20 (m, 1H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.19 (d, 2H), 7.12 (d. 2H), 5.85-5.99 (m, 1H), 5.39-5.52 (m, 2H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.90-3.15 (m, 5H), 1.22 (d, 6H).

Example 28 {2-[4-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-propyl-amine×HCl 28.1 [4-(4-Isopropyl-phenylsulfanylmethyl)-phenyl]acetic acid

To a solution of 4-(isopropyl)thiophenol (10 g, 65.68 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (200 ml) sodium hydride (3.15 g, 131.35 mmol) was added. The exothermic reaction was allowed to cool down to room temperature. At 15° C. a solution of (4-bromomethylphenyl)-acetic acid (15.04 g, 65.68 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (100 ml) was added. After stirring the reaction mixture at room temperature for 16 h the mixture was concentrated, diluted with water, and adjusted to pH=2 by adding HCl (2N). The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product as a yellow oil (19.5 g, 99%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 301.15 [M+H]⁺

28.2 [4-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]acetic acid

A solution of [4-(4-isopropyl-phenylsulfanylmethyl)-phenyl]acetic acid (20.3 g, 67.57 mmol) in acetic acid (100 ml) was heated to 70° C. and hydrogen peroxide (24.5 g, 216.23 mmol) was added over a period of 10 min. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 2 h. The mixture was poured into ice-water and the precipitate was filtered, washed with diisopropyl ether and dried in vacuo to give the product as a colorless powder (19.9 g, 89%).

28.3 2-[4-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-N-propyl-acetamide

To a solution of [4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-acetic acid (1 g, 3.00 mmol) in pyridine, (15 ml)/N,N-dimethylformamide (15 ml) N,N[insert symbol]-carbonyldiimidazole (0.54 g, 3.31 mmol) was added and the mixture heated to 50° C. for 1 h. At 0° C. propylamine was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Then, the mixture was poured into water. The precipitate was collected and dried in a vacuum oven at 70° C. to give the product as a yellow powder (0.89 g, 2.39 mmol).

MS (ESI) m/z: 374.15 [M+H]⁺

28.4 {2-[4-(4-Isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-propyl-amine

To a solution of 2-[4-(4-isopropyl-benzenesulfonylmethyl)-phenyl]-N-propylacetamide (500 mg, 1.34 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) borane-tetrahydrofuran complex (2M in tetrahydrofuran, 6.70 mmol) was added at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h after which a solution of HCl in ethanol (1M) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water, and adjusted to pH=10 by adding aqueous NaOH. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (water/methanol/0.1% acetic acid) to give the product as a colorless powder (130 mg, 27%).

MS (ESI) m/z: 360.25 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ [ppm] 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.19 (d, 2H), 7.12 (d, 2H), 4.59 (m, 2H), 2.83-3.10 (m, 5H), 2.68-2.82 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.22 (d, 6H), 0.90 (t, 6H).

III. Examples of Galenic Administration Forms A) Tablets

Tablets of the following composition are pressed on a tablet press in the customary manner:

40 mg of substance from Example 8 120 mg of corn starch 13.5 mg of gelatin 45 mg of lactose 2.25 mg of Aerosil® (chemically pure silicic acid in submicroscopically fine dispersion) 6.75 mg of potato starch (as a 6% paste)

B) Sugar-Coated Tablets

20 mg of substance from Example 8 60 mg of core composition 70 mg of saccharification composition

The core composition consists of 9 parts of corn starch, 3 parts of lactose and 1 part of 60:40 vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer. The saccharification composition consists of 5 parts of cane sugar, 2 parts of corn starch, 2 parts of calcium carbonate and 1 part of talc. The sugar-coated tablets which had been prepared in this way are subsequently provided with a gastric juice-resistant coating.

IV. Biological Investigations Receptor Binding Studies:

The substance to be tested was either dissolved in methanol/Chremophor® (BASF-AG) or in dimethyl sulfoxide and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.

Dopamine D₃ Receptor:

The assay mixture (0.250 ml) was composed of membranes derived from ˜10⁶ HEK-293 cells possessing stably expressed human dopamine D₃ receptors, 0.1 nM [¹²⁵I]-iodosulpride and incubation buffer (total binding) or, in addition, test substance (inhibition curve) or 1[insert symbol]M spiperone (nonspecific binding). Each assay mixture was run in triplicate.

The incubation buffer contained 50 mM tris, 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl₂, 2 mM MgCl₂ and 0.1% bovine serum albumin, 10 [insert symbol]M quinolone and 0.1% ascorbic acid (prepared fresh daily). The buffer was adjusted to pH 7.4 with HCl.

Dopamine D₂ Receptor:

The assay mixture (1 ml) was composed of membranes from ˜10⁶ HEK-293 cells possessing stably expressed human dopamine D_(a) receptors (long isoform) and 0.01 nM [¹²⁵I] iodospiperone and incubation buffer (total binding) or, in addition, test substance (inhibition curve) or 1[insert symbol]M haloperidol (nonspecific binding). Each assay mixture was run in triplicate.

The incubation buffer contained 50 mM tris, 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl₂, 2 mM MgCl₂ and 0.1% bovine serum albumin. The buffer was adjusted to pH 7.4 with HCl.

Measurement and Analysis:

After having been incubated at 25° C. for 60 minutes, the assay mixtures were filtered through a Whatman GF/B glass fiber filter under vacuum using a cell collecting device. The filters were transferred to scintillation viols using a filter transfer system. After 4 ml of Ultima Gold® (Packard) have been added, the samples were shaken for one hour and the radioactivity was then counted in a BetaCounter (Packard, Tricarb 2000 or 2200CA). The cpm values were converted into dpm using a standard quench series and the program belonging to the instrument.

The inhibition curves were analyzed by means of iterative nonlinear regression analysis using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) which is similar to the “LIGAND” program described by Munson and Rodbard.

The results of the receptro binding studies are expressed as receptor binding constants K_(i)(D₂) and K_(i)(D₃), respectively, as herein before described, and given in table 3.

In these tests, the compounds according to the invention exhibit very good affinities for the D₃ receptor (<10 nM, frequently <5 nM) and bind selectively to the D₃ receptor.

The results of the binding tests are given in table 3.

TABLE 3 Example K_(i) (D3)* [nM] K_(i) (D2)*/K_(i) (D3)*  1 43 41  2 21 57  3 2.8 33  6 2.2 22  7 18 23  8 0.2 54  9 2 40 10 42 53 11 0.58 16 13 1.7 74 14 27 40 15 22 22 16 31 79 17 34 75 18 37 24 19 2.7 42 20 64 65 21 ref. 22 62 23 8.4 59 25 0.5 175 26 3.9 170 28 4.8 130 *Receptor binding constants obtained according to the assays described herein before 

1. An aminoethylaromatic compound of the formula I

wherein Ar is phenyl or an aromatic 5- or 6-membered C-bound heteroaromatic radical, wherein Ar may carry 1 radical R^(a) and wherein Ar may also carry 1 or 2 radicals R^(b); R^(a) being selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, fluorinated C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkoxy, COOH, NR⁴R⁵, CH₂NR⁴R⁵, ONR⁴R⁵, NHC(O)NR⁴R⁵, C(O)NR⁴R⁵, SO₂NR⁴R⁵, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, phenyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy and a 3- to 7-membered heterocyclic radical, wherein the five last mentioned radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals selected from halogen, cyano, OH, oxo, CN, and the radicals R^(a), R^(b) being, independently from each other, selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, OH, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, fluormethoxy, difluoromethoxy and trifluoromethoxy, the radical R^(a) and one radical R^(b), if present and bound to two adjacent carbon atoms of phenyl, may form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic or carbocylic ring which is fused to the phenyl ring and which is unsubstituted or which may carry 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from halogen, NO₂, NH₂, OH, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkoxy, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, di-C₁-C₆-alkylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcaarbonylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl and fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, X is N or CH; E is NR³; R¹ is C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₄-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₄-cycloalkylmethyl, C₃-C₄-alkenyl, fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-cycloalkylmethyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-alkenyl, formyl or C₁-C₃-alkylcarbonyl; R^(1a) is H, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₄-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₄-cycloalkylmethyl, C₃-C₄-alkenyl, fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-cycloalkylmethyl, fluorinated C₃-C₄-alkenyl, or R^(1a) and R² together are (CH₂), with n being 2, 3 or 4, or R^(1a) and R^(2a) together are (CH₂)_(n) with n being 2, 3 or 4; R², R^(2a) are independently of each other H, C₁-C₄-alkyl or fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl or R^(2a) and R² together are (CH₂)_(m) with m being 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; R³ is H or C₁-C₄-alkyl; R⁴, R⁵ independently of each other are selected from H, C₁-C₃-alkyl, C₁-C₃-alkoxy and fluorinated C₁-C₃-alkyl; R⁶, R⁷ independently of each other are selected from H, fluorine, C₁-C₄-alkyl and fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl or together form a moiety (CH₂)_(p) with p being 2, 3, 4 or 5; provided that for R¹ being C₁-C₄-alkyl, R²=R^(2a) being H, E being NH, X being CH and Ar=substituted phenyl Ar carries at least one substituent R^(a) which is different from linear C₁-C₃-alkyl, OCH₃, OCF₃, CF₃, SCH₃ or NHC(O)CH₃. and the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts of these compounds.
 2. The compounds of claim 1, wherein Ar is phenyl or an aromatic 5- or 6-membered C-bound heteroaromatic radical, comprising 1 nitrogen atom as ring member and 0, 1, 2, or 3 further heteroatoms, independently of each other, selected from O, S and N, as ring members, wherein Ar carries one radical R^(a) which is selected from the group consisting of C₂-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkoxy, NR⁴R⁵, 1-aziridinyl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl, wherein the last four mentioned radicals may be fluorinated, a phenyl group and an aromatic 5- or 6-membered C-bound heteroaromatic radical, comprising 1 nitrogen atom as ring member and 0, 1, 2 or 3 further heteroatoms, independently of each other, selected from O, S and N, wherein the last two mentioned radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals selected from halogen and the radicals R^(a); and wherein Ar may carry 1 or 2 further radicals R^(b), which are independently from each other selected from halogen, cyano, methyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy and trifluoromethoxy; and wherein R⁴, R⁵, independently of each other are selected from H, C₁-C₃-alkyl and fluorinated C₁-C₃-alkyl, provided that for R²=R^(2a)=H, E=NH, X=CH and Ar=substituted phenyl Ar carries at least one substituent R^(a) which is selected from secondary C₃-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₂-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₂-C₆-alkoxy, NR⁴R⁵, 1-aziridinyl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl, wherein the last for mentioned radicals may be fluorinated, a phenyl group and an aromatic 5- or 6-membered C-bound heteroaromatic radical, comprising 1 nitrogen atom as ring member and 0, 1, 2 or 3 further heteroatoms, independently of each other, selected from O, S and N, wherein the last two mentioned radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals selected from Halogen and the radicals R^(a).
 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar carries one radical R^(a) of the formula R^(a′)

wherein Y is N, CH or CF, R^(a1) and R^(a2) are independently of each other selected from C₁-C₂-alkyl, C₁-C₂-alkoxy, fluorinanted C₁-C₂-alkyl, provided for Y being CH or CF one of the radicals R^(a1) or R^(a2) may also be hydrogen or fluorine, or R^(a1) and R^(a2) together form a radical (CH₂)_(m) wherein 1 or 2 of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by fluorine, hydroxy, oxo, C₁-C₂-alkyl or C₁-C₂-alkoxy, wherein one CH₂ moiety may be replaced by O, S, S═O, SO₂ or N—R^(c), R^(c) being hydrogen or C₁-C₂-alkyl and wherein m is 2, 3, 4, 5 or
 6. 4. The compound of claim 3, wherein the radical R^(a′) is selected from isopropyl, (R)-1-fluoroethyl, (S)-1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl; (R)-1-fluoropropyl, (S)-1-fluoropropyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 1,1-difluoropropyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 3,3-difluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, (R)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-fluoro-1-methylethyl, (R)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (R)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-1,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl, (R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl, (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl, 2-fluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)ethyl, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluoroethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 1-fluorocyclopropyl, and 2-fluorocyclopropyl.
 5. The compound of claim 3, wherein the radical R^(a′) is selected from 4-morpholinyl, 4-thiomorpholinyl, 4-(1,1-dioxo)thiomorpholinyl, piperazin-1-yl, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, 2-methylazetidin-1-yl, (S)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl, (R)-2-methylazetidin-1-yl, 3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl, 3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl, 3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, (S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, (R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, (S)pyrrolidin-3-yl, (R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl, 2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-2-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, 2,2-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, 3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, (S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, (R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl, 1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, (S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, (R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 2,2-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (S)-3-tritluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, (R)-3-trifluoromethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl, piperidin-1-yl, 2-methylpiperidin-1-yl, (S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl and (R)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl.
 6. The compound of claim 2, wherein the radical R^(a′) carries 1, 2, 3 or 4 fluorine atoms.
 7. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar carries one radical R^(a), which is selected from CHF₂, CH₂F, OCHF₂ and OCH₂F.
 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar carries one radical R^(a), which is selected from 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals having as ring members 1 heteroatom selected from O, S and N and which may further have 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms as ring members, and wherein the 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic radical may carry 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halogen, NO₂, NH₂, OH, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkyl, fluorinated C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkoxy, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₂-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, di-C₁-C₆-alkylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonylamino, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylthio, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylthio, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl, fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfuriyl and fluorinated C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl.
 9. The compound of claim 8, wherein Ar carries one heteroaromatic radical R^(a)′ which is selected from furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl and tetrazolyl, where the heteroaromatic radical may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 to 3 substituents selected from halogen, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkyl and fluorinated C₁-C₄-alkoxy.
 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar is phenyl.
 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar is phenyl that carries a radical R^(a) in the 4-position of the phenyl ring.
 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein X is CH.
 13. The compound claim 1, wherein X is N.
 14. The compound claim 1, wherein R¹ is n-propyl, fluorinated C₂-C₃-alkyl or 1-propen-3-yl.
 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein R^(1a) is hydrogen.
 16. The compound of claim 1, wherein R^(2a) is hydrogen.
 17. The compound of claim 16, wherein both R^(2a) and R² are hydrogen.
 18. The compound of claim 1, wherein one of the radicals R^(2a) and R² is hydrogen while the other is methyl.
 19. The compound of claim 1, wherein R^(1a) is n-propyl or 1-propen-3-yl.
 20. The compound of claim 1, wherein R² is hydrogen and R^(2a) and R^(1a) together are (CH₂)_(n) with n being 3 or
 4. 21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of the formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 1, optionally together with at least one physiologically acceptable carrier or auxiliary substance.
 22. A method for treating a medical disorder, wherein the medical disorder is a disease of the central nervous system, susceptible to treatment with a dopamine D3 receptor ligand, said method comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 1 to a subject in need thereof. 23.-25. (canceled) 